---- Sophia, mosque of, 60, 93, 94, 102, 154, 233. Salona, duchy of, conquered by Bayezid, 229-30. Salonika, 40, 58, 65, 79, 92, 98, 100, 121, 145, 181, 231. Samakov, battle of, 142-3, 160. Samarkand, 244, 251, 256, 260. Samsun, 191, 196, 291. Sangarius, 11, 12, 32, 38, 45, 302. Sarukhan, 65, 86, 158, 185-6, 191, 228, 259, 283, 291, 295-6. Savoy, origin of armies of, 44. (_See also_ Amadeo and Anna.) Savra, battle of, 159. Scutari (in Albania), 160. Scutari (on the Bosphorus), 60, 64, 94, 108, 234. Seljuk architecture, influence upon Ottoman, 275-6. Seljuks, invasions of Asia Minor, 15-16; changes of religion, 26. ---- of Rum, contest Asia Minor with Byzantines, 13; relations with Osmanlis, 20-2, 32, 268-76; subject to Mongols, 270-2; end of dynasty, 297. Serbian Church, autocephalous, 144-5. ---- empire of Stephen Dushan, 86-90. Serbians, illusions of, concerning their fourteenth-century empire, 86, 90, 175, 201; first enter Macedonia to help Byzantines against Turks, 41; aid Andronicus II against his grandson, 58; conflict with Orthodox Church, 89-90, 144-5; refuse to aid Byzantines against Osmanlis, 102; defeated by Osmanlis at Maritza, 122-4; anarchy among chieftains of, in Macedonia, 144; defeated by Osmanlis at Cernomen, and lose Macedonia, 145-8; become subject to Osmanlis, 160-2; help Murad in Karamanian campaign, and are punished for looting, 167; form league against Murad, and are defeated at Kossova, 168-78; treachery of their nobles, 173; cast fortunes definitely with Osmanlis, 182-3; aid Bayezid in Karamanian campaign, 188; last of Dushan’s following disappear in Macedonia, 201; fidelity of, to Bayezid at Nicopolis, 220; fight in Ottoman army at Angora, 252. Serres, 58, 144, 147, 152, 158, 161, 200, 229. Shah-Rokh, son of Timur, 255, 258. Shehabeddin, 69, 277-80. Shuman, 172. Sigismund, first invasion of Bulgaria, 188, 193-5; becomes king of Hungary, and sends threat to Bayezid, 193; tries to get support of Italian republics against Bayezid, 205-7; leads Nicopolis crusade, 210-24; boastfulness of, before Nicopolis, 216; flees from battle-field, 220-1; character of, 193, 222. Silistria, 196. Silivria, 237. Sinope, 191, 291-2, 296, 297. Sis, 282. Sisman, John, 128, 140-3, 170, 172-3, 194-6. Sivas, 190, 270, 272, 274, 287, 297, 300; destruction of, by Timur, 243, 245-8. Slavery, Greek abhorrence of, 116; connivance of Italian republics in, 165. Smyrna, 11, 79, 85, 185, 258-60, 270, 283, 286, 299-300. Sofia, 142, 158, 160-2, 172, 231. Soleiman pasha, son of Orkhan, 100-1, 105, 108, 111. Soleiman Shah, grandfather of Osman, 20, 266. ---- tchelebi, son of Bayezid, 195, 245-8, 252-3, 257-61. South Slavs, character of, 170. Sozopolis, 129, 142. Stambul, origin of name, 199. Stephen Lazarevitch, kral of Serbia, vassal and brother-in-law of Bayezid, 182-3; fights for Osmanlis at Nicopolis, 220; and at Angora, 253.