Stracimir, 140-1. Sugut, 12, 22, 25, 33, 63, 115, 285. Taharten, emir of Erzindjian, 246. Tarsus, 24, 216, 298. Taurus Mountains, 24, 125, 187, 289, 298, 300-2. Tchataldja, 115. Tchorlu, 105, 112, 162. Tekke, emirate of, 158, 165-6, 186-7, 285, 289, 297-8. Tenedos, importance of, to control Dardanelles, 152; struggle of Venice and Genoa for, 152-5; John VII Palaeologus banished to, 236. Thessaly, Ottoman conquest of, 147, 228-30. Thingizlu, 69. Thomas, despot of Janina, 159. Timur, origin of name, and conquests of, 244; charges against Bayezid, 190, 245-6; destroys Sivas, 247-8; makes overtures to Occidental princes, 249; invades Asia Minor, and crushes Bayezid at Angora, 250-4; degrades Bayezid and Despina, 255-6; pushes to Aegaean Sea, and captures Smyrna, 257-60; death of, 260; infirmity of, 244; lacked constructive policy in conquests, 257, 260-1; restores Anatolian emirs deposed by Bayezid, 257, 259, 283, 288, 290, 292-3, 294. Timurtash, 142, 158, 166, 187, 188-9, 254. Tirnovo, 140, 142, 172, 194-6. Tokat, 190, 250, 287, 298. Trebizond, 13, 162, 270, 280, 288, 291, 293, 297, 299. _Tughra_, origin of, 127. Turin, treaty of, 155. Turk, connotation of word in Ottoman Empire, 78-81, 228; lacks family ties and family name, 267. Turkey, connotation of word in fourteenth century, 107. Turkish chieftainship elective rather than hereditary, 54, 276. ---- raids in Aegaean Sea, Macedonia and Thrace, 36-40, 65, 84, 185-6, 261, 283. ---- emirates of Asia Minor stronger than Osmanlis, 30, 274, 290, 301-2. ---- refugees from Thrace in 1912, 16. ---- women not veiled in fourteenth century, 157. Turks, character of Anatolian, 15. Tvrtko, kral of Bosnia, 168-70, 178, 183-4, 201. Ulubad, 68, 298. Uskub, 88, 174, 183. Valona, 159. Varna, 129, 172. Venetians, interfere in Byzantine dynastic quarrels, 35; invited by Clement V to co-operate in reconquest of Byzantine Empire, 42; menaced in Aegaean by Turks, 84; relations with Stephen Dushan, 88-90; wars with Genoese, 96-7, 152-5, 262; urged by fellow countrymen to oppose Orkhan, 107; fail to protect Byzantines against Murad, 128; detain John Palaeologus because of debts, 135; refuse to contribute seriously to crusade against Osmanlis, 137; struggle with Genoa for Tenedos, 152-5; sapped by prosperity, 163; make commercial treaty with Murad, 164; opposition to Hungarians, 169; indifference to Murad’s conquests, 170; refuse to buy Lemnos from Byzantines, 200; fail to aid in Nicopolis crusade, 203-7; in Athens and Salonika, 230-1; prefer to curry favour with Bayezid rather than defend Constantinople, 233; reception of Manuel Palaeologus and their pacifist policy, 240; alarm over appearance of Osmanlis on Adriatic, 243; help Ottoman army tocross to Europe after Angora, 261; at Palatchia, 294-5. Visconti, Giovanni Galeazzo, 131, 210, 236, 240. Viza, 139. Vukasin, 145-6, 159, 173.