Food must be bought or produced, and this involves cooperation,
competition, self-denial, thrift, science, finance, invention. It
involves ethics, because though you are hungry you must not steal
food or give improper value for it. Moreover, though you are
hungry, you have developed tastes, manners, etc., and you cannot,
must not eat this or that (through religion); you mast eat with
certain implements), and would rather die than violate the
established standards in such matters.[1] Thus to the simple act
of eating, to the satisfaction of a primitive desire set up by a
primitive need, there are any number of obstacles set up by the
complexities of our social existence. The sanction of these
obstacles, their power to influence us, rests in other desires
and purposes arising out of other "needs" of our nature. What are
those needs? They are inherent in what has been called the social
instincts, in that side of our nature which makes us yearn for
approval and swings us into conformity with a group. The group
organizes the activities of its individuals just as an individual
organizes his activities. The evolutionists explain this group
feeling as part of the equipment necessary for survival. Perhaps
this is an adequate account of the situation, but the strength of
the social instincts almost lead one to a more mystical
explanation, a sort of acceptance of the group as the unit and
the individual as an incomplete fragment.
[1] The Sepoy Rebellion had its roots in a food taboo, and
Mussulman, Hebrew and Roman Catholic place a religious value on
diet. Most of the complexities of existence are of our own
creation.
What is true of hunger is true of thirst and fatigue. Desires in
these directions have to accommodate themselves, in greater or
lesser degrees, to the complexities in which our social nature
and customs have involved us. It is true that desires upon which
the actual survival of the individual depend will finally break
through taboo and restriction if completely balked. That is, very
few people will actually starve to death, die of thirst or keep
awake indefinitely, despite any convention or taboo. Nevertheless
there are people who will resist these fundamental desires, as in
the case of MacSwiney, the Irish republican, and as in the case
of martyrs recorded in the history of all peoples. It may be that
in some of these we are dealing with a powerful inhibition of
appetite of the kind seen in anhedonia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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