Thus the space traced out by the pink face, if it is moved equally in
the yellow and blue directions, is represented by the set of planes
delineated in Fig. 118, pink face or 0, then 1, 2, 3, and finally pink
face or 4. This solid is a diagonal solid of the tesseract, running
from a pink face to a pink face. Its length is the length of the
diagonal of a square, its side is a square.
Let us now consider the unlimited space which springs from the pink
face extended.
This space, if it goes off in the yellow direction, gives us in it the
ochre cube of the tesseract. Thus, if we have the pink face given and a
point in the ochre cube, we have determined this particular space.
Similarly going off from the pink face in the blue direction is another
space, which gives us the light purple cube of the tesseract in it. And
any point being taken in the light purple cube, this space going off
from the pink face is fixed.
[Illustration: Fig. 118.]
The space we are speaking of can be conceived as swinging round the
pink face, and in each of its positions it cuts out a solid figure from
the tesseract, one of which we have seen represented in fig. 118.
Each of these solid figures is given by one position of the swinging
space, and by one only. Hence in each of them, if one point is taken,
the particular one of the slanting spaces is fixed. Thus we see that
given a plane and a point out of it a space is determined.
Now, two points determine a line.
Again, think of a line and a point outside it. Imagine a plane rotating
round the line. At some time in its rotation it passes through the
point. Thus a line and a point, or three points, determine a plane.
And finally four points determine a space. We have seen that a plane
and a point determine a space, and that three points determine a plane;
so four points will determine a space.
These four points may be any points, and we can take, for instance, the
four points at the extremities of the red, white, yellow, blue axes, in
the tesseract. These will determine a space slanting with regard to the
section spaces we have been previously considering. This space will cut
the tesseract in a certain figure.
One of the simplest sections of a cube by a plane is that in which the
plane passes through the extremities of the three edges which meet in a
point. We see at once that this plane would cut the cube in a triangle,
but we will go through the process by which a plane being would most
conveniently treat the problem of the determination of this shape, in
order that we may apply the method to the determination of the figure
in which a space cuts a tesseract when it passes through the 4 points
at unit distance from a corner.
We know that two points determine a line, three points determine a
plane, and given any two points in a plane the line between them lies
wholly in the plane.
[Illustration: Fig. 119.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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