To make the corresponding four-dimensional figure we have to take five
axes mutually at right angles with five points on each. A catalogue of
the positions determined in five-dimensional space can be found thus.
Take a cube with five points on each of its axes, the fifth point is
at a distance of four units of length from the first on any one of
the axes. And since the fourth dimension also stretches to a distance
of four we shall need to represent the successive sets of points at
distances 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, in the fourth dimensions, five cubes. Now
all of these extend to no distance at all in the fifth dimension. To
represent what lies in the fifth dimension we shall have to draw,
starting from each of our cubes, five similar cubes to represent the
four steps on in the fifth dimension. By this assemblage we get a
catalogue of all the points shown in fig. 75, in which _L_ represents
the fifth dimension.
[Illustration: Fig. 75.]
Now, as we saw before, there is nothing to prevent us from putting all
the cubes representing the different stages in the fourth dimension in
one figure, if we take note when we look at it, whether we consider
it as a 0_h_, a 1_h_, a 2_h_, etc., cube. Putting then the 0_h_, 1_h_,
2_h_, 3_h_, 4_h_ cubes of each row in one, we have five cubes with the
sides of each containing five positions, the first of these five cubes
represents the 0_l_ points, and has in it the _i_ points from 0 to 4,
the _j_ points from 0 to 4, the _k_ points from 0 to 4, while we have
to specify with regard to any selection we make from it, whether we
regard it as a 0_h_, a 1_h_, a 2_h_, a 3_h_, or a 4_h_ figure. In fig.
76 each cube is represented by two drawings, one of the front part, the
other of the rear part.
Let then our five cubes be arranged before us and our selection be made
according to the rule. Take the first figure in which all points are
0_l_ points. We cannot have 0 with any other letter. Then, keeping in
the first figure, which is that of the 0_l_ positions, take first of
all that selection which always contains 1_h_. We suppose, therefore,
that the cube is a 1_h_ cube, and in it we take _i_, _j_, _k_ in
combination with 4, 3, 2 according to the rule.
The figure we obtain is a hexagon, as shown, the one in front. The
points on the right hand have the same figures as those on the left,
with the first two numerals interchanged. Next keeping still to the
0_l_ figure let us suppose that the cube before us represents a section
at a distance of 2 in the _h_ direction. Let all the points in it be
considered as 2_h_ points. We then have a 0_l_, 2_h_ region, and have
the sets _ijk_ and 431 left over. We must then pick out in accordance
with our rule all such points as 4_i_, 3_j_, 1_k_.
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