McClatchy went to Washington in 1919 to seek Congressional aid. When he told Congress about the news aspects of American imperialism’s secret struggle in the Orient, the legislators were indignant. Reuters, it was demonstrated, mangled all American news printed in Japan, China and the Far East as a whole. Even news between the U.S. and the Philippine Islands had to go by way of London for British profit and British editorial slant. Japan was the key news country in the Far East. Until 1914, the country had no news agency of its own. Reuters not only controlled the import and export of news but had the direct internal monopoly as well. Japan had to pay Reuters what amounted to an annual subsidy, after 1914, to get out of Japan and let the Japanese form a news agency, Kokusai, which got all its non-Japanese news from Reuters. The American news report for Far East distribution was now circulated by Kokusai; Reuters-Havas Far East news to the U. S. was transmitted via Kokusai. It amounted to an Anglo-Japanese alliance against the U. S. The garbling of news that resulted was beyond imagination; British bias strained through Japanese culture and policy! Congress ordered the U. S. Navy to put its radio circuits at the disposal of the agencies. The order specified rates that were, in effect, a subsidy to permit the agencies to compete with Reuters. Again, it was U.P. that moved first. A new Japanese agency, Nippon Dempo, was set up and it used the U.P. “report.” Later, Nippon Shimbun Rengo was formed to replace Kokusai. Rengo constantly sought A.P. service, but the cartel would not consent. On the whole, British control of Far Eastern news remained unimpaired. This was the situation in 1925 when Kent Cooper became General Manager of A.P. In 1927, Cooper went to Europe to negotiate a new “treaty” with Reuters, Havas and Wolff. He wanted A.P.’s gains since 1893--the rights acquired in South America, for instance--put in writing. He especially wanted the cartel to admit A.P. to Japan on the plea that other American agencies were there and were serving the home market with non-cartel news. As Cooper put it, he wanted a new contract primarily in the interest of plain-speaking. He said: “It seemed to me that if the A.P. wanted to be in on a division of the world as between the other three agencies the contract should specify what territories were allotted to each.” The new contract did exactly that. Without the shadow of double-talk, it stated: “Reuters shall have the exclusive exploitation of the following territories....” The British and Dutch Empires and most of the Far East were included in these territories. Havas had “exclusive exploitation” of Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Balkans as well as the French Empire. Associated Press had “exclusive exploitation” of North America and shared South America with Havas.