The freedom of the seas : $b or, The right which belongs to the Dutch to take part in the East Indian tradeGrotius, Hugo
Philosophy
The freedom of the seas : $b or, The right which belongs to the Dutch to take part in the East Indian trade
Grotius, Hugo
Freedom of the seas; Law of the sea
It is not true then that such prescription rises even at a time
beyond the period of the memory of man. For since the law absolutely
denies all prescription, not even immemorial time has any effect on
the question; that is, as Felinus[121] says, things imprescriptible
by nature do not become prescriptible by the mere efflux of
immemorial time. Balbus admits the truth of these arguments,[122] but
says that the opinion of Angeli is to be accepted on the ground that
time immemorial is believed to have the same validity as prerogative
for setting up a title, since a perfect title is presumed from such
efflux of time. Hence it appears that the jurists thought if some
part of a state, say of the Roman empire for example, at a period
before the memory of man had exercised such a right, that a title by
prescription would
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concessio praeiisset. Quare cum nemo sit dominus totius generis
humani, qui ius illud adversus homines omnes homini, aut populo
alicui potuisset concedere, sublato illo colore, necesse est etiam
praescriptionem interimi. Et sic ex illorum etiam sententia inter
reges aut populos liberos prodesse nihil potest lapsus infiniti
temporis.
Vanissimum autem et illud est quod Angelus docuit, etiamsi ad
dominium praescriptio proficere non potest, tamen dandam esse
possidenti exceptionem. Nam Papinianus disertis verbis exceptionem
negat:[123a] et aliter non potuit sentire, cum ipsius saeculo
praescriptio nihil esset aliud quam exceptio. Verum igitur est
quod et leges Hispanicae exprimunt[124a] in his rebus quae communi
hominum usui sunt attributae, nullius omnino temporis praescriptionem
procedere, cuius definitionis illa praeter ceteras ratio reddi
potest, quod qui re communi utitur, ut communi uti videtur, non autem
iure proprio, et ita praescribere non magis quam fructuarius potest
vitio possessionis.[125a]
Altera haec etiam non contemnenda est, quod in praescriptione
temporis cuius memoria non exstat, quamvis titulus et bona fides
praesumantur, tamen si re ipsa appareat titulum omnino nullum dari
posse, et sic manifesta sit fides mala, quae in populo maxime quasi
uno corpore perpetua esse
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have to be admitted on that ground, exactly as if there had been a
previous grant from a Prince. But inasmuch as there is no one who
is sovereign of the whole human race with competence to grant to
any man or to any nation such a right against all other men, with
the annihilation of that pretext, title by prescription is also
necessarily destroyed. Therefore the opinion of the jurists is that
not even an infinite lapse of time is able to set up a right as
between kings or independent nations.
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