Yet the striving of the political revolutionists had not been in vain. The time would come when the pursuit of merely material gains would bring ruin and desolation with it, and the old ideals of the thinkers of the eighteenth century would again be welcomed by a generation wearied by military despotism, and which would therefore seek to establish social and political institutions on a safer basis than Mirabeau or Vergniaud had been able to do. Nor do even the wild schemes of Chaumette and St. Just form a mere episode in French history, though wisely to lighten the load which inevitably falls on the shoulders of the poor and unfortunate, and thus to diminish the amount of human suffering, is a work which opens up problems which these men attempted rashly to cut with the axe of the executioner, but which are now understood to be amongst the most complicated subjects of political thought. To trace the fate of the ideas which were thrown up in the course of the French Revolution would require many volumes. It is because these ideas were so many sided and so powerful that the French nation accepts the Revolution, in spite of the errors and crimes of the revolutionists, as the source of its mental as well as of its political life. INDEX. America, assisted by France, 25; declaration of Independence by, 26 Army, the French, mutinies in, 73; disorderly condition of, 105; extraordinary measures for the enlistment of, 146; conscription introduced for, 170; treatment of, by the Hébertists, 188; reorganisation of, 189 Artois, the Count of, emigrates, 63; appeals to foreign Powers, 86 Assignats, first issue of, 68; fresh issues of, 94; continued issue and depreciation of, 149, 172, 224, 225 Austria, relations of, with Prussia and Turkey, 97, 98; forms a defensive alliance with Prussia, 104; war declared by France against, 105; ill-feeling towards Prussia of, 161; Thugut, minister of, 162 Avignon, massacre at, 110 Bailly, is chosen mayor of Paris, 47; addresses the King on his visit to Paris, 48; execution of, 178 Barbaroux, asks Marseilles to send men to Paris, 116; execution of, 208 Barère, selfish indifference of, 200; applauds the financial results of the Terror, 207 Barnave, is a leader of the Centre and Left, 53; is a rival of Mirabeau, 57; is popular in the Jacobin Club, 65; supports the King after the flight to Varennes, 90; joins the Feuillants, 92; execution of, 178 Basel, peace of, 238 Bastille, the attack upon, 45; capture of, 46 Belgium, invaded by the French, 111; invaded by Dumouriez, 130; question of the annexation of, 131; its annexation decreed, 141; is reconquered by the allies, 161; is again conquered by the French, 213 Berthier, murder of, 48