Old West, colonization of areas beyond the mountains, 124; consequences of formation, 106; New South and, 100; summary of frontier movement in 17th and early 18th centuries, 98; term defined, 68 Old World, 261, 267, 294, 299, 344, 349; effect of American frontier, 22; West and, 206, 210 Opportunity, 37, 212, 239, 259-260, 261, 263, 271-272, 342, 343 Orangeburg, 96 Ordinance of 1787, 25, 132, 168, 190, 223 Oregon country, 144 Orient, 297 Osgood, H. L., 30 Pacific coast, 168, 219, 304 Pacific Northwest, 296 Pacific Ocean, 297, 315 Packing industries, 151 Palatine Germans, 5, 22, 100, 109, 124; New York State and, 82 Palisades, 71 Panama Canal, 295 Panics, 279-280 Paper money, 32, 111, 121, 122, 209 Parkman, Francis, 70, 72, 144, 163 "Particular plantations," 41 Past, lessons of, 355 Patroon estates, 80 Paxton Boys, 112 Pecks "New Guide to the West," 19 Penn, William, 262 Pennsylvania, 23, 27; coast and interior, antagonisms, 112; German settlement, 82, 100; Great Valley of, 68, 164; land grants, 101; new Pennsylvania of the Great Valley, 100; Scotch-Irish, 103, 104; settlement Of Old West part, 83 Pennsylvania Dutch, 22, 100, 110 Perrot, Nicolas, 180 Philadelphia, 106; trade, 108 Physiographic provinces, 127 Piedmont, 68; Virginia, 87, 89 Pig iron, 152, 313 Pine, 151 Pine belt in Middle West, 143 Pioneer democracy, lessons learned, 357; Middle West, 335 Pioneer farmers, 21, 206, 257 Pioneers, conservative fears about, 251, 252; contest with capitalist, 325; contrast of conditions, 279; deeper significance, 338; essence, 271; ideals and the State university, 269; Middle West, 146, 154; Ohio Valley, 167; old ideals, 148; sketch, 19 Pittsburgh, 104, 127, 136, 154-155, 161, 265, 299, 314, 324 Plain people, 256, 267 Political institutions, 243; frontier and, 24 Political parties, 249, 324 Polk, J. K., 105, 192, 255 Pontiac, 131, 144 Poor whites, 224 Population center, 222 Populists, 32, 127, 147, 155, 203, 220, 247, 277, 281, 305; Kansas, 238 Prairie Plains, 129 Prairie states, 239 Prairies, 218, 236, 276, 348; settlement, 145, 147 Presbyterians, 105, 106, 109, 164 Presidency, 254; Mississippi Valley and, 192; Ohio Valley and, 175; Old Northwest and, 222 Prices, 313 Princeton college, 106 Pritchett, H. S., 282 Privilege, 192; conflict against, 120, 121 Proclamation of 1763, 181 Progressive Republican movement, 321 Prohibitionists, 240 "Proletariat," 285 Property, 210; as basis of suffrage, 249 Prosperity, 281 Protection. _See_ Tariff Provinces, geographic, 158 Provincialism, desirable, 157, 159 Prussianism, 337, 356 Public lands, 25, 132, 303; policy of America, 26, 170; Western lands, first debates on, 191 Public schools, 266, 282 Puget Sound, 298 Puritan ideals, 73, 75, 78; German conflict with, 138 Puritanism, 27 Puritans and Indians, 44 Purrysburg, 97 Pynchon, John, 51, 52