_Summary of the Miocene Fauna of Greece._--Although we cannot consider that the preceding enumeration gives us by any means a complete view of the actual inhabitants of this part of Europe during the later portion of the Miocene period, we yet obtain some important information. The resemblance that appeared in the Pliocene fauna of Europe, to that of the open country of tropical Africa, is now still more remarkable. We {117}not only find great felines, surpassing in size and destructive power the lions and leopards of Africa, with hyænas of a size and in a variety not to be equalled now, but also huge rhinoceroses and elephants, two forms of giraffes, and a host of antelopes, which, from the sample here obtained, were probably quite as numerous and varied as they now are in Africa. Joined with this abundance of antelopes we have the absence of deer, which probably indicates that the country was open and somewhat of a desert character, since there were deer in other parts of Europe at this epoch. The occurrence of but a single species of monkey is also favourable to this view, since a well-wooded country would most likely have supplied many forms of these animals. _Miocene Fauna of Central and Western Europe._ We have now to consider the Miocene fauna of Europe generally, of which we have very full information from numerous deposits of this age in France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, and Hungary. _Primates._--Three distinct forms of monkeys have been found in Europe--in the South of France, in Switzerland, and Wurtemberg; one was very like _Colobus_ or _Semnopithecus_; the others--_Pliopithecus_ and _Dryopithecus_--were of higher type, and belonged to the anthropomorphous apes, being nearest to the genus _Hylobates_ or gibbons. Both have occurred in the South of France. The _Dryopithecus_ was a very large animal (equal to the gorilla), and M. Lartet considers that in the character of its dentition it approached nearer to man than any of the existing anthropoid apes.