─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── NOTES TO CHAPTER I 365 NOTES TO CHAPTER II 378 NOTES TO CHAPTER III 392 NOTES TO CHAPTER IV 396 NOTES TO CHAPTER V 416 NOTES TO CHAPTER VI 417 NOTES TO CHAPTER VII 430 NOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 435 NOTES TO CHAPTER IX 445 NOTES TO CHAPTER X 453 NOTES TO CHAPTER XI 458 NOTES TO CHAPTER XII 459 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 491 BIBLIOGRAPHY 503 INDEX 547 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. PAGE 1 Types of T-O and Sallust maps 67 2 St. Sever Beatus map 69 3 Zone map in Lambert of St. Omer’s _Liber floridus_ 122 4 Osma Beatus map 123 5 The macrocosm, the microcosm, and the winds from Hildegard of Bingen’s _Liber divinorum operum_ 148 6 Sketch map of the Mediterranean region and the Near East plotted from the geographical positions in the _Marseilles Tables_, with inset of Henry of Mayence’s map 245 7 Plan of Jerusalem from the anonymous _Gesta Francorum Ierusalem expugnantium_ 250 8 Two sections from the Hereford map to illustrate the marvels of India 276–277 9 Matthew Paris’ map of Britain 343 10 Diagram to illustrate John of Holywood’s reasoning that the earth is in the center of the universe 422 11 Comparative diagram of certain parallels of latitude and of the _climata_ according to various ancient and medieval geographers 454–455 12 Map showing the relative positions of certain points in Europe as indicated in astronomical tables of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries 457 PREFACE