The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades : $b A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western Europe — John Shaqi
The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades : $b A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western EuropeWright, John Kirtland
History
The geographical lore of the time of the Crusades : $b A study in the history of medieval science and tradition in Western Europe
Wright, John Kirtland
Geography -- History; Geography, Medieval
Aristotle said[99] that the Pontus (Black Sea) was deeper than the
Maeotis (Sea of Azov), the Aegean deeper than the Pontus—except in one
place—the Sicilian Sea deeper than the Aegean, and the Sardinian and
Tyrrhenian the deepest of all seas. Pliny quotes[100] a certain Fabianus
to the effect that the greatest known depth of the sea is fifteen
stades, or about 1200 fathoms—not an excessive figure, for parts of the
Mediterranean are in fact even deeper. Pliny,[101] following
Aristotle,[102] believed that the “Deeps of the Euxine,” opposite the
shores of the people of the Coraxi, were unfathomable.[103] Aristotle
had a very false idea that the Atlantic is made up of shallows and mud
banks and that it is calm, an idea shared by the Mohammedans and one
that may have contributed to the horror of the Western Ocean which
lingered in the minds of Mediterranean peoples throughout antiquity and
until the close of the Middle Ages.[104]
The ancient geographers certainly had no clearer understanding of the
general circulation of the ocean than of the atmosphere, and for the
very same reason: they had not traveled sufficiently. Aristotle thought
that there is a flow of water southward from the higher northern part of
the earth,[105] and Macrobius explained a series of currents in the
oceanic belts which he imagined surrounded the earth.[106] Certain
currents of the Mediterranean attracted attention: the constant flow
from the Euxine into the Aegean and the fluctuating currents of the
Strait of Messina and the Euripus (between Euboea and the mainland). A
tradition arose at later times that the death of Aristotle was caused by
his disgust at being unable to explain to his satisfaction the currents
of the Euripus.[107]
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