As soon as one passes into Bisharin country the change in the nature of place-names is very striking. The definite article is no longer _el_, but _o_, _u_, _ei_, _e_ (masc.), and _to_, _tu_, _tei_, _ti_ (fem.). Many place-names end in _ai_ and _oi_. The principal geographical terms are: _kwan_, a wadi; _da-aiyob_, a depression from which there is no drainage outlet; _aweib_ and _riba_, a mountain; _kulet_, a hill; _megwel_, a water hole; _adar_, red; _hadal_, black; _sotai_, green; _eire_, white; _sarara_, deep; _salala_, rather deep (applied to wells). Hence we get such combinations as: _Hadal Aweib Meisah_, the black mountain near Wadi Meisah; _Eir Arib_, the white (granite) rock; _Sarobi Kwan_, the wadi where the Sarob plant (_Capparis sodada_) grows; _Bir Sararat Seyet_, the deep well in Wadi Seyet, and so on. A mountain called _adar_ is generally of red granite, while one called _hadal_ is usually diorite or serpentine. _Asotriba_, the green mountain south of Gebel Elba, receives its name from the vegetation on it. =Industries.= The principal industries carried on by the desert Arabs are the rearing of camels, sheep and goats, especially the first-named. The Bisharin devote much attention to camel-breeding, and supply many animals annually to the Coast Guard Administration. Their camels are very superior animals, and need to be hardy in order to negotiate the steep mountain passes of their country. Sheep and goats can be bought cheaply in the south, and are driven in to Aswân for sale at the higher rates there prevailing. It is common to find a flock of hundreds of sheep being watered at wells such as Bir Abu Hashim and Qoleib on the route to Kom Ombo; but many animals drop and die on the weary march from well to well. Charcoal burning has been practised, especially in the Ababda country, but is not much carried on now; this industry deserves strong opposition, for it only impoverishes the country, and the _seyal_ trees are few enough for the support of camels in years of drought. In recent years some employment has been found for the Arabs by prospectors for mining companies, both as miners and for camel-transport, and they are occasionally, as in the present expedition, employed on Government work. For the information of future travellers, it may be worth while to mention the prices paid for local labour on the survey expeditions. The men and animals were all the best obtainable of their particular class, and the prices include saddles and fodder for camels, their own provision of water and food for the men, and, in the case of sheikhs, postmen, and guides, their riding camels and fodder:— _Mills, per day._[59] Responsible sheikhs in charge of all Arabs 200 Skilled guides (also employed as beacon builders) 150 Postmen journeying regularly to and from the Nile Valley 150