World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
The looting of the Swedish steamer _Snetoppen_ is interesting in view
of the regulation above quoted in connection with the _Invercauld_.
It is a case of the Pirate as Thief amongst neutrals. The Germans
behaved like common housebreakers, and showed the same spirit which
their comrades of the German Army exhibited early in the war, when they
ransacked chateaux and private houses during their first advance.
It will be in place here to glance at other provisions contained in
the German Naval Prize Regulations. These should be borne in mind when
reading about the actual deeds of the German submarine officers here
collected. The Regulations were published in the _Reichs-Gesetzblatt_
at Berlin on the 3rd August, 1914. The first of the "General
Provisions" reads:--
"The commanding officers of H.M. warships have the right during a war,
in accordance with the following provisions, to stop enemy or neutral
merchant ships, to search and capture them as well as the enemy and
neutral goods in them, and in exceptional cases to destroy them."
Clause 4 of the General Provisions states:--"All measures are to be
carried out in a manner the observance of which--even towards the
enemy--is demanded by the honour of the German Empire, and with such
consideration for neutrals as is in accordance with international law
and German interests."
Clause 6 sets out the vessels that are exempt from capture. These
include: "Hospital ships, vessels employed exclusively in coast
fisheries, or small boats employed in local trade, so long as they do
not take any part whatever in hostilities."
There are two clauses dealing with ships which endeavour to escape. The
first states that: "A neutral ship is to be treated as an enemy ship
if she forcibly resists the exercise of the right of stoppage, search,
and capture; force may be used against the ship in question until she
ceases to resist; attempted flight alone does not count as forcible
resistance." On the other hand, Article 83 declares: "If the ship does
not stop when signalled, two rounds of blank are to be fired, one after
the other; and, if necessary, a live shell across her bows. If the
vessel does not then bring to, or offers resistance, the commander will
compel her to stop."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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