The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus — John Shaqi
The Germany and the Agricola of TacitusTacitus, Cornelius
History
The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus
Tacitus, Cornelius
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 40-93; Germanic peoples -- Early works to 1800; Statesmen -- Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
21. It is an indispensable duty to adopt the enmities [125] of a father
or relation, as well as their friendships: these, however, are not
irreconcilable or perpetual. Even homicide is atoned [126] by a certain
fine in cattle and sheep; and the whole family accepts the satisfaction,
to the advantage of the public weal, since quarrels are most dangerous
in a free state. No people are more addicted to social entertainments,
or more liberal in the exercise of hospitality. [127] To refuse any
person whatever admittance under their roof, is accounted flagitious.
[128] Every one according to his ability feasts his guest: when his
provisions are exhausted, he who was late the host, is now the guide
and companion to another hospitable board. They enter the next house
uninvited, and are received with equal cordiality. No one makes a
distinction with respect to the rights of hospitality, between a
stranger and an acquaintance. The departing guest is presented with
whatever he may ask for; and with the same freedom a boon is desired in
return. They are pleased with presents; but think no obligation incurred
either when they give or receive.
22. [129] [Their manner of living with their guest is easy and affable]
As soon as they arise from sleep, which they generally protract till
late in the day, they bathe, usually in warm water, [130] as cold
weather chiefly prevails there. After bathing they take their meal, each
on a distinct seat, and a a separate table. [131] Then they proceed,
armed, to business, and not less frequently to convivial parties, in
which it is no disgrace to pass days and nights, without intermission,
in drinking. The frequent quarrels that arise amongst them, when
intoxicated, seldom terminate in abusive language, but more frequently
in blood. [132] In their feasts, they generally deliberate on the
reconcilement of enemies, on family alliances, on the appointment of
chiefs, and finally on peace and war; conceiving that at no time the
soul is more opened to sincerity, or warmed to heroism. These people,
naturally void of artifice or disguise, disclose the most secret
emotions of their hearts in the freedom of festivity. The minds of all
being thus displayed without reserve, the subjects of their deliberation
are again canvassed the next day; [133] and each time has its
advantages. They consult when unable to dissemble; they determine when
not liable to mistake.
23. Their drink is a liquor prepared from barley or wheat [134] brought
by fermentation to a certain resemblance of wine. Those who border on
the Rhine also purchase wine. Their food is simple; wild fruits, fresh
venison, [135] or coagulated milk. [136] They satisfy hunger without
seeking the elegances and delicacies of the table. Their thirst for
liquor is not quenched with equal moderation. If their propensity to
drunkenness be gratified to the extent of their wishes, intemperance
proves as effectual in subduing them as the force of arms. [137]
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