The Germany and the Agricola of TacitusTacitus, Cornelius
History
The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus
Tacitus, Cornelius
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 40-93; Germanic peoples -- Early works to 1800; Statesmen -- Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
24. They have only one kind of public spectacle, which is exhibited
in every company. Young men, who make it their diversion, dance naked
amidst drawn swords and presented spears. Practice has conferred skill
at this exercise; and skill has given grace; but they do not exhibit for
hire or gain: the only reward of this pastime, though a hazardous one,
is the pleasure of the spectators. What is extraordinary, they play at
dice, when sober, as a serious business: and that with such a desperate
venture of gain or loss, that, when everything else is gone, they set
their liberties and persons on the last throw. The loser goes into
voluntary servitude; and, though the youngest and strongest, patiently
suffers himself to be bound and sold. [138] Such is their obstinacy in
a bad practice--they themselves call it honor. The slaves thus acquired
are exchanged away in commerce, that the winner may get rid of the
scandal of his victory.
25. The rest of their slaves have not, like ours, particular employments
in the family allotted them. Each is the master of a habitation and
household of his own. The lord requires from him a certain quantity
of grain, cattle, or cloth, as from a tenant; and so far only the
subjection of the slave extends. [139] His domestic offices are
performed by his own wife and children. It is usual to scourge a slave,
or punish him with chains or hard labor. They are sometimes killed by
their masters; not through severity of chastisement, but in the heat
of passion, like an enemy; with this difference, that it is done with
impunity. [140] Freedmen are little superior to slaves; seldom filling
any important office in the family; never in the state, except in those
tribes which are under regal government. [141] There, they rise above
the free-born, and even the nobles: in the rest, the subordinate
condition of the freedmen is a proof of freedom.
26. Lending money upon interest, and increasing it by usury, [142] is
unknown amongst them: and this ignorance more effectually prevents
the practice than a prohibition would do. The lands are occupied
by townships, [143] in allotments proportional to the number of
cultivators; and are afterwards parcelled out among the individuals
of the district, in shares according to the rank and condition of each
person. [144] The wide extent of plain facilitates this partition. The
arable lands are annually changed, and a part left fallow; nor do they
attempt to make the most of the fertility and plenty of the soil, by
their own industry in planting orchards, inclosing meadows, and watering
gardens. Corn is the only product required from the earth: hence their
year is not divided into so many seasons as ours; for, while they
know and distinguish by name Winter, Spring, and Summer, they are
unacquainted equally with the appellation and bounty of Autumn. [145]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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