The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
On the Skokomish reservation their indiscretions caused the death
of a mother and her child, and an additional loss of time and
property to the amount of $600 or $800 in a few weeks. It also
became a serious question whether the constant shaking of their
heads would not make some of them crazy, and from symptoms and
indications it was the opinion of the agency physician, J. T.
Martin, that it would do so. Accordingly, on the reservation the
authority of the agent was brought to bear, and to a great extent
the shaking was stopped, though they were encouraged to keep on
in the practice of some good habits which they had begun, of
ceasing gambling, intemperance, their old style incantations over
the sick, and the like. Some at first said they could not stop
shaking, but that at their prayer meetings and church services on
the Sabbath their hands and heads would continue to shake in spite
of themselves; but after a short time, when the excitement had died
away, they found that they could stop.
But about Skookum bay, Mud bay, and Squaxon the shaking continued,
and it spread to the Nisqually and Chehalis Indians. It seemed
to be as catching, to use the expression of the Indians, as the
measles. Many who at first ridiculed it and fought against it,
and invoked the aid of the agent to stop it, were drawn into it
after a little, and then they became its strong upholders. This
was especially true of the medicine-men, or Indian doctors, and
those who had the strongest faith in them. The Shakers declared
that all the old Indian religion, and especially the cure of the
sick by the medicine-men, was from the devil, and they would have
nothing to do with it, those who at first originated and propagated
it having been among the more intelligent and progressive of the
uneducated Indians. Very few of those who had learned to read and
had been in Sabbath school for a considerable length of time were
drawn into it. It was the class between the most educated and the
most superstitious who at first upheld it. They seemed to know
too much to continue in the old-style religious ceremonies, but
not to know enough and to be too superstitious to fully believe
the Bible. Consequently, the medicine-men were at first bitterly
opposed to it. About this time, however, an order came from the
Indian department to stop all medicine-men from practicing their
incantations over the sick. As a respectable number of the Indians
had declared against the old style of curing the sick, it seemed
to be a good time to enforce this order, as there was sufficient
popular opinion in connection with the authority of the agent
to enforce it. This was done, and then the medicine-men almost
entirely joined the Shakers, as their style was more nearly in
accordance with the old style than with the religion of the Bible.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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