The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
The Bannock and Shoshoni of Fort Hall reservation in Idaho have served
as the chief medium of the doctrine between the tribes west of the
mountains and those of the plains. Situated almost on the summit of the
great divide, they are within easy reach of the Paiute to the west,
among whom the dance originated, and whose language the Bannock speak,
while at no great distance to the east, on Wind River reservation in
Wyoming, the remaining Shoshoni are confederated with the Arapaho,
who have been from the first the great apostles of the doctrine among
the prairie tribes. There is constant visiting back and forth between
the tribes of these two reservations, while the four railroads coming
in at Fort Hall, together with the fact of its close proximity to the
main line of the Union Pacific, tend still more to make it a focus
and halting point for Indian travel. Almost every delegation from the
tribes east of the mountains stopped at this agency to obtain the
latest news from the messiah and to procure interpreters from among
the Bannock to accompany them to Nevada. In a letter of November 26,
1890, to the Indian Commissioner, the agent in charge states that
during the preceding spring and summer his Indians had been visited
by representatives from about a dozen different reservations. In
regard to the dance and the doctrine at Fort Hall, he also says that
the extermination and resurrection business was not a new thing with
his tribes by any means, but had been quite a craze with them every
few years for the last twenty years or more, only varying a little
according to the whim of particular medicine-men. (_G. D., 15._) This
may have referred to the doctrine already mentioned as having been
taught by Tävibo.
Early in 1889 a Bannock from Fort Hall visited the Shoshoni and Arapaho
of Wind River reservation in Wyoming and brought them the first
knowledge of the new religion. He had just returned from a visit to
the Paiute country, where he said he had met messengers who had told
him that the dead people were coming back, and who had commanded him
to go and tell all the tribes. “And so,” said the Shoshoni, “he came
here and told us all about it.” Accordingly, in the summer of that
year a delegation of five Shoshoni, headed by Täbinshi, with Nakash
(“Sage”), an Arapaho, visited the messiah of Mason valley, traveling
most of the way by railroad and occupying several days in the journey.
They attended a Ghost dance, which, according to their accounts, was a
very large one, and after dancing all night were told by the messiah
that they would meet all their dead in two years from that time at the
turning of the leaves, i. e., in the autumn of 1891. They were urged
to dance frequently, “because the dance moves the dead.” One of the
Shoshoni delegates understood the Bannock and Paiute language and
interpreted for the rest. The information was probably conveyed by the
Shoshoni to the Arapaho through the medium of the sign language.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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