The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
Shortly after the close of the war, probably about 1860, the incident
occurred which wrought an entire change in his life, stamping him as
an oracle and prophet beyond peradventure, and giving to his religious
system the force of authority which it has ever since retained. He had
already established a reputation as a medicine-man, and was believed
to be “making medicine” against the life of Moses, the noted chief of
a tribe farther up the river, who was greatly in dread of his occult
powers, and forced a quarrel in order to rid himself forever of his
rival. A fight resulted, and Smohalla was nearly killed. It is said
that he was left on the ground as dead, but revived sufficiently to
crawl away and get into a boat on the bank of the Columbia near by.
Bleeding and disabled, he was carried down at the mercy of the current
until he was finally rescued from his perilous position by some white
men, far below. His recovery was slow. When it was completed, unwilling
to return in disgrace to his own country and probably still dreading
the anger of Moses, he determined to become a wanderer.
Then began one of the most remarkable series of journeyings ever
undertaken by an uncivilized Indian. Going down the Columbia to
Portland and the coast, he turned south, and, stopping on the way at
various points in Oregon and California, continued beyond San Diego
into Mexico. Then, turning again, he came back through Arizona, Utah,
and Nevada to his former home on the Columbia, where he announced that
he had been dead and in the spirit world and had now returned by divine
command to guide his people. As he was thought to have been killed in
the encounter with Moses, and as he had disappeared so completely until
now, his awe-stricken hearers readily believed that they were actually
in the presence of one who had been taken bodily into the spirit world,
whence he was now sent back as a teacher.
On the occasion of MacMurray’s visit, says that authority, “Smohalla
asked me many geographic questions, and I spread out a railroad map,
marking the situation of Priest rapids, Portland, and Vancouver
barracks, and he traced with a straw down the coast line to below San
Diego. He asked where San Bernardino was, and paused long over this.
He recognized the ocean or ‘salt chuck,’ with many other geographic
features and localities, but he would neither admit nor deny having
been at Salt Lake City, although he admitted having been in Utah,
knew the lake and adjacent mountain chains, and said that he had seen
Mormon priests getting commands direct from heaven. He dwelt long over
Arizona, and remarked, ‘_bad-a Inchun_.’”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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