The evidence from a few miscellaneous industries, drawn as it is from
the experience of a few "good" employers, is of a very different
nature. Here the hours worked seldom, if ever, exceed 9 per day, and
in some instances experiments had been tried with an 8-hour day with
satisfactory results to both health and output. It must be remembered
that most of the work done by girls in these miscellaneous factories
is of an intensely monotonous nature--packing and sorting finished
goods, "taking off" on printing machines, making cardboard boxes or tin
canisters, but, at the same time, the work is very light and easy and
is learnt in a day or so, although some weeks may elapse before the
maximum speed is attained. The only danger in these light automatic
processes is the temptation, often encouraged by the employer, of
excessive speeding up, but to this I will refer later. As a general
rule, the evidence from this group goes to show that the standard of
health among girls working 8 or 9 hours a day is quite satisfactory,
and the sickness rates are very low. How far these good results are
due to the shortness of the working-day compared with that of the
munition and textile industries, and how far to the various "welfare"
provisions, such as special attention to delicate girls, supply of hot
drinks in the middle of the morning and afternoon spells, gymnastic
classes during work hours and so on, it is difficult to say. It is
interesting to note that one employer reported that the addition of two
hours' overtime to a 9-hour day for three days a week caused excessive
fatigue after a few months, so that the overtime was stopped, but after
a month the pressure of work was so great that they had to return to
it, and now they find that this excessive fatigue is avoided, or,
rather, fatigue so extreme as to diminish output is avoided by working
every fourth week without overtime.
Turning now to the textile industry, particularly the cotton trade of
Lancashire with its 55-1/2-hour week and its 6 A.M. start, we find
opinion somewhat divided. A certain number of employers and their
representatives declared that the hours worked exert no detrimental
effect on young girls, and that the time lost through sickness is very
slight. But these statements are outweighed by the evidence of most of
the inside managers and some of the employers interviewed. One of the
latter firmly believed that the present working hours are too long for
young girls, and had often noticed how they fell off in health. Another
states that young workers find the long hours very tiring and that a
shorter working-day, which would be an advantage for all, is almost a
necessity for young girls, although he has no exact evidence that the
hours worked are actually detrimental.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account