The sanitary arrangements in textile mills are not always adequate,
though few are reported as actually unsatisfactory. Pail closets are,
however, still present in a fair proportion of the older mills. The
chief complaint, particularly in reference to the needs of adolescent
girls, concerns the position of the closets; in most mills the male
and female conveniences are next to each other, and witnesses report
that young girls are frequently too shy to make use of them, especially
in weaving-sheds where the doors of the closets are in view of all.
Much unnecessary suffering therefore results, and girls sometimes
turn ill from this cause. These witnesses recommend that the sanitary
conveniences be placed outside the sheds, and that male and female
accommodation be in different parts of the mills. It may be noted
in passing that this difficulty was only represented in north-east
Lancashire, where the social position of the operatives is generally
somewhat superior to those of other districts, and where reticence in
such matters is more likely to be intensified.
Lighting and ventilation of closets is frequently faulty, and stress
must be laid on the necessity for washing facilities, generally
entirely lacking in textile factories.
_Meals._--Attention has been drawn in the section devoted to hours
to the value of good feeding in mitigating the injurious effects of
long hours of labour. It must be remembered that the evidence from the
engineering industry was collected towards the end of 1916, so that
the reports refer to the period before the increase in food prices had
balanced the rise in wages. It seems to be fairly established that
where good wages are earned adequate food is eaten, though one or
two observers reported that girls are still eating unsuitable food,
with the result that gastric troubles are common. As a general rule,
however, particularly where canteens have been set up, good meat
dinners are eaten, and the girls appear to be well nourished. Welfare
Workers report on the improvement in health which follows the opening
of canteens, and they note especially how anaemia is reduced. Inquiries
by club secretaries and the experience of district nurses who visit
working-class households show that improved feeding invariably follows
an increase in wages. As one witness says, "If they have the money they
eat good food, and once in the habit they do not easily fall back."
This is encouraging in face of the widespread belief that girls are
careless about their food and willingly live on tea and bread. The only
complaints concern the lack of variety in the food provided in the
canteens. One Welfare supervisor lays great stress on the value of a
long dinner-hour, and she attributes the absence of digestive troubles
at her factory to the hour and a half allowed at midday.[11]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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