Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
In Tzommolco men shall be given (sacrificed);
The sun has risen,
Men shall be given.
5
In Tzommolco song now comes to an end.
Without trouble he has become rich;
He has become lord.
His mercy is wonderful.
6
O, little woman, hold speech (give warning),
Mistress of the mist house, from the door hold speech.
Sahagun says of him [286]:
“He had other names—Ixcozauhqui, ‘Yellow-face,’ and Cuezaltzin, or
‘Flame.’ They called him also Ueueteotl, or ‘Very Old God,’ and they
said that the fire was his father. They celebrated his feast at the end
of the month called izcalli, and dressed the idol in his robes and
ornaments. He wore the robes of a king.”
In the Sahagun Mexican MS. he is described as “the mother of the gods,
the father of the gods, who dwells in the navel of the earth, who
enters the Turquoise Pyramid ... the Old God, the Fire-god.” [287]
Sahagun [288] also alludes to the god in the prayer of the merchants,
which says: “Sit still on thy throne, noble Lord, thou that in the
navel of the earth hast thy seat, Lord of the Four Quarters.”
In this prayer he is also frequently addressed as “Lord of the With and
the By” (the contiguous neighbourhood), “the Lord of Heaven, the Lord
of the Surface of the Earth.”
Sahagun in a prayer to Tezcatlipocâ alludes to Xiuhtecutli as “the
ancient god, who is father and mother to thyself, and is god of fire,
who stands in the midst of flowers, in the midst of the place bounded
by four walls, who is covered with shining feathers that are as wings”
[289]; and in another prayer to Tezcatlipocâ, speaks of Xiuhtecutli as
“the ancient god, the father of all the gods, the god of fire, who is
in the pond of water among turrets surrounded with stones like roses,
who is called Xiuhtecutli, who determines, examines, and settles the
business and law-suits of the nation and of the common people, as it
were washing them with water.” [290]
Clavigero says of Xiuhtecutli:
“Xiuhtecutli (master of the year and of the grass) was among these
nations the god of fire, to whom they likewise gave the name of
Ixcozauhqui, which expresses the colour of fire. This god was greatly
revered in the Mexican empire. At their dinner they made an offering to
him of the first morsel of their food, and the first draught of their
beverage, by throwing both into the fire; and burned incense to him at
certain times of the day. In honour of him they held two fixed
festivals of the most solemn kind, one in the tenth, and another in the
eighteenth month; and one movable feast, at which they created the
usual magistrates and renewed the ceremony of the investiture of the
fiefs of the kingdom. He had a temple in Mexico, and some other
palaces.”
FESTIVALS
Xocohuetzi.—Sahagun’s account of this festival is substantially as
follows [291]:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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