Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Lest this hypothesis seem overstrained, analogies may be indicated.
That which is initially sacred in a primitive cult frequently comes to
have interrelations with the whole environment of its deities. Thus the
worship of the oak by the Druids appears to have given an oak-like
virtue to the oracular birds which dwelt in its branches, to the soil
from which it grew, to the sky above it, to the priests who ministered
to it and to the sacred implements they employed. The same may be said
of the oak-cult of Zeus and the vine-cult of Dionysos. The numerous
traditions which cluster round the ceremonial use of jade in China are
eloquent of such a tendency. Thus trees, plants, animals, and natural
objects are all in a manner identified and connected with the beautiful
jade stone in its character as an imparter of vitality. Thus in the
great worship of the gods whose cult was connected with obsidian,
well-nigh everything with which it had interrelations came to partake
of the nature of obsidian—grain, the earth, the atmosphere, the sun,
the stars, the priesthood, blood, and rain.
The process by which this Nahua cult became amalgamated with those of
Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl seems fairly clear. Upon their settlement on
the Plateau of Anahuac it is plain from the terms of certain myths that
the Nahua did not regard the cult of Quetzalcoatl in any friendly
manner. Tezcatlipocâ is spoken of as driving him from the country, and
it is probable that to begin with a certain amount of persecution may
have been inflicted upon his adherents. But the Nahua would undoubtedly
come to recognize the value of the calendar system connected with his
cult, and it is clear that they did so from the fact that we find
included in it certain of their principal gods. The final process of
amalgamation probably took place during the eleventh and twelfth
centuries, for, as seen at the Conquest period, the union of the three
great cults of Mexico must have occupied several centuries. Such a
duration of time was necessary for the development of a homogeneous and
involved symbolism, which was obviously based on a tacit recognition of
the unity of the Mexican faith. Initial disparities seem to be
indicated principally by ancient traditions, of which perhaps the most
notable was that which spoke of the different heavens of the three
original cults, the Tlalocan of the worshippers of Tlaloc, the
Tlapallan or over-sea paradise of the Quetzalcoatl cult, and the
Sun-house or Valhalla of the Nahua. A striking proof of the adjustment
of the chronology of the three cults may perhaps be found in the myths
which speak of the existence of several “suns” or ages prior to the
historical era, the “rulers” or patrons of which were, according to the
most trustworthy sources, Tezcatlipocâ, Quetzalcoatl, Tlaloc, and
Chalchihuitlicue, goddess of the Tlaloc cult. [38]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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