The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 05 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 05 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M47) In Travancore a dancing-girl attached to a temple is known as a
_Dâsî_, or _Dêvadâsî_, or _Dêvaratiâl_, “a servant of God.” The following
account of her dedication and way of life deserves to be quoted because,
while it ignores the baser side of her vocation, it brings clearly out the
idea of her marriage to the deity. “Marriage in the case of a _Dêvaratiâl_
in its original import is a renunciation of ordinary family life and a
consecration to the service of God. With a lady-nurse at a Hospital, or a
sister at a Convent, a _Dêvadâsî_ at a Hindu shrine, such as she probably
was in the early ages of Hindu spirituality, would have claimed favourable
comparison. In the ceremonial of the dedication-marriage of the _Dâsî_,
elements are not wanting which indicate a past quite the reverse of
disreputable. The girl to be married is generally from six to eight years
in age. The bridegroom is the presiding deity of the local temple. The
ceremony is done at his house. The expenses of the celebration are
supposed to be partly paid from his funds. To instance the practice at the
Suchîndram temple, a _Yôga_ or meeting of the chief functionaries of the
temple arranges the preliminaries. The girl to be wedded bathes and goes
to the temple with two pieces of cloth, a _tâli_, betel, areca-nut, etc.
These are placed by the priest at the feet of the image. The girl sits
with the face towards the deity. The priest kindles the sacred fire and
goes through all the rituals of the _Tirukkalyânam_ festival. He then
initiates the bride into the _Panchâkshara mantra_, if in a Saiva temple,
and the _Ashtâkshara_, if in a Vaishnava temple. On behalf of the divine
bridegroom, he presents one of the two cloths she has brought as offering
and ties the _Tâli_ around her neck. The practice, how old it is not
possible to say, is then to take her to her house where the usual marriage
festivities are celebrated for four days. As in Brahminical marriages, the
_Nalunku_ ceremony, _i.e._ the rolling of a cocoanut by the bride to the
bridegroom and _vice versa_ a number of times to the accompaniment of
music, is gone through, the temple priest playing the bridegroom’s part.
Thenceforth she becomes the wife of the deity in the sense that she
formally and solemnly dedicates the rest of her life to his service with
the same constancy and devotion that a faithful wife united in holy
matrimony shows to her wedded lord. The life of a _Dêvadâsî_ bedecked with
all the accomplishments that the muses could give was one of spotless
purity. Even now she is maintained by the temple. She undertakes fasts in
connection with the temple festivals, such as the seven days’ fast for the
_Apamârgam_ ceremony. During the period of this fast, strict continence is
enjoined; she is required to take only one meal, and that within the
temple—in fact to live and behave at least for a term, in the manner
ordained for her throughout life. Some of the details of her daily work
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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