The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 06 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M204) But a closer inspection of the facts proves that the analogy breaks
down at some important points. For though the Flamen Dialis was forbidden
to touch a dead body or to enter a place where corpses were burned, he was
permitted to attend a funeral;(573) so that there could hardly be any
objection to his attending the funeral of his wife. This permission
clearly tells against the view that it was the mere pollution of death
which obliged him to resign office when his wife died. Further, and this
is a point of fundamental difference between the two cases, whereas the
Flamen Dialis was bound to be married, and married too by a rite of
special solemnity,(574) there is no such obligation on the sacred dairyman
of the Todas; indeed, if he is married, he is bound to live apart from his
wife during his term of office.(575) Surely the obligation laid on the
Flamen Dialis to be married of itself implies that with the death of his
wife he necessarily ceased to hold office: there is no need to search for
another reason in the pollution of death which, as I have just shown, does
not seem to square with the permission granted to the Flamen to attend a
funeral. That this is indeed the true explanation of the rule in question
is strongly suggested by the further and apparently parallel rule which
forbade the Flamen to divorce his wife; nothing but death might part
them.(576) Now the rule which enjoined that a Flamen must be married, and
the rule which forbade him to divorce his wife, have obviously nothing to
do with the pollution of death, yet they can hardly be separated from the
other rule that with the death of his wife he vacated office. All three
rules are explained in the most natural way on the hypothesis which I have
adopted, namely, that this married priest and priestess had to perform in
common certain rites which the husband could not perform without his wife.
The same obvious solution of the problem was suggested long ago by
Plutarch, who, after asking why the Flamen Dialis had to lay down office
on the death of his wife, says, amongst other things, that “perhaps it is
because she performs sacred rites along with him (for many of the rites
may not be performed without the presence of a married woman), and to
marry another wife immediately on the death of the first would hardly be
possible or decent.”(577) This simple explanation of the rule seems quite
sufficient, and it would clearly hold good whether I am right or wrong in
further supposing that the human husband and wife in this case represented
a divine husband and wife, a god and goddess, to wit Jupiter and Juno, or
rather Dianus (Janus) and Diana;(578) and that supposition in its turn
might still hold good even if I were wrong in further conjecturing that of
this divine pair the goddess (Juno or rather Diana) was originally the
more important partner.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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