351 See the old Greek scholiast on Clement of Alexandria, quoted by Chr. Aug. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_ (Königsberg, 1829), p. 700; Andrew Lang, _Custom and Myth_ (London, 1884), p. 39. It is true that the bull-roarer seems to have been associated with the rites of Dionysus rather than of Demeter; perhaps the sound of it was thought to mimick the bellowing of the god in his character of a bull. But the worship of Dionysus was from an early time associated with that of Demeter in the Eleusinian mysteries; and the god himself, as we have seen, had agricultural affinities. See above, p. 5. An annual festival of swinging (which, as we have seen, is still practised both in New Guinea and Russia for the good of the crops) was held by the Athenians in antiquity and was believed to have originated in the worship of Dionysus. See _The Dying God_, pp. 281 _sq._ M83 The sacred drama of the Eleusinian mysteries compared to the masked dances of agricultural savages. 352 See above, pp. 95 _sq._, and below, pp. 186 _sq._ 353 See above, p. 39. 354 Th. Koch-Grünberg, _Zwei Jahre unter den Indianern_ (Berlin, 1909-1910), i. 137-140, ii. 193-196. As to the cultivation of manioc among these Indians see _id._ ii. 202 _sqq._ M84 Theory that the personification of corn as feminine was suggested by the part played by women in primitive agriculture. 355 F. B. Jevons, _Introduction to the History of Religion_ (London, 1896), p. 240; H. Hirt, _Die Indogermanen_ (Strasburg, 1905-1907), i. 251 _sqq._ M85 Among many savage tribes the labour of hoeing the ground and sowing the seed devolves on women. Agricultural work done by women among the Zulus and other tribes of South Africa. 356 Rev. J. Shooter, _The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country_ (London, 1857), pp. 17 _sq._ Speaking of the Zulus another writer observes: “In gardening, the men clear the land, if need be, and sometimes fence it in; the women plant, weed, and harvest” (Rev. L. Grout, _Zulu-land_, Philadelphia, N.D., p. 110). 357 A. Delegorgue, _Voyage dans l’Afrique Australe_ (Paris, 1847), ii. 225. 358 H. A. Junod, _Les Ba-Ronga_ (Neuchatel, 1908), pp. 195 _sq._ 359 L. Decle, _Three Years in Savage Africa_ (London, 1898), p. 85. 360 L. Decle, _op. cit._ p. 160. 361 C. Gouldsbury and H. Sheane, _The Great Plateau of Northern Rhodesia_ (London, 1911), p. 302. M86 Chastity required in the sowers of seed. 362 L. Decle, _op. cit._ p. 295. 363 C. Gouldsbury and H. Sheane, _The Great Plateau of Northern Nigeria_ (London, 1911), p. 179. 364 Rev. J. H. Weeks, “Notes on some Customs of the Lower Congo People,” _Folk-lore_, xx. (1909) p. 311.