What has just been said regarding the object of the Gospel will enable us
to form a general conception of its plan. It must be carefully borne in
mind that St. John did not intend to write a Life of Christ, nor to give a
general view of His teaching, nor to compile a work on the general history
of his own times. His main object was to prove that Jesus of Nazareth was
the Son of God; and the various parts of the Gospel are carefully disposed
with a view to this end. Out of the vast mass of materials at his disposal
(xxi. 25; xx. 30) he selects such incidents, such miracles and discourses
of our Lord, as are best suited to the attainment of this special purpose.
In accordance with this view, we subjoin a brief outline of the _plan_ of
the Gospel.
I. 1‐18.
*The Prologue.* The Word in His absolute, eternal Being; in His relation
to creation generally, and to the spiritual enlightenment and
sanctification of man; His incarnation.
I. 19‐XXI. 23.
_The Narrative_, which divides itself naturally into two parts:—
(_a_) I. 19‐XII. 50. Manifestation of Christ’s Divinity in His _Public
Life_—
By the testimony of the Baptist.
By the testimony of His disciples.
By the testimony of His miracles.
By the testimony of His discourses.
(_b_) XIII. 1‐XXI. 23. Manifestation of Christ’s Divinity in His last
discourses, and in His passion, death, resurrection, and risen life.
XXI. 24, 25.
*The Epilogue*, in which the beloved disciple testifies that he is the
author of the Gospel, and that what he has written is true, though
incomplete.
V.—Time And Place Of Writing.
The exact date of our Gospel is uncertain. One thing is absolutely
certain: that it was written after the other three Gospels. Some have
placed it almost as early as 70 A.D.; but the weight of evidence, external
and internal, places it in the last decade of the first century, that is
to say, between 90 and 100 A.D.
There is great doubt, too, as to the place where it was written. Irenæus
distinctly states that it was written at Ephesus,(11) and many of the
fathers are of the same opinion. On the other hand, a large number of
ancient writers hold, that, like the Apocalypse, it was written in Patmos.
See Patrizzi, lib. i., cap. iv., § 86, who himself inclines to the latter
view.
VI.—Integrity.
With the exception of three passages: v. 4, vii. 53‐viii. 11, and the
whole of the last chapter, which have been attacked as interpolations, the
integrity of the fourth Gospel has not been seriously questioned. These
passages we shall examine as they occur, and there discuss the question of
their authenticity.
VII.—Language.
It is certain that St. John wrote in Greek. Such has been the opinion of
all writers, and it is proved by the fact that he wrote for the Christians
of Asia Minor, whose language we know was Greek.
VIII.—Christ’s Discourses In The Gospel.
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