“Augustan” age, the. _See_ Augustus Augustan history, 305 Augusti, 312 Augustine, 316 Augustulus, Romulus, 315 Augustus (Gneius Octavius, Octavianus) adds Egypt to the Empire, 60, Cæsar’s heir, 124, 127, takes up his inheritance, 127; triple alliance, 128, pursues the tyrannicides, 128 master of the West, 129, becomes the Emperor Augustus, 100, 130; health, 136; and literature, 151; and monarchy, 161, statesmanship, 161, 182, Suetonius on, 162; character, 163, and Cleopatra, 164, policy, 164, 165, triumph, 165; and peace 166, and the patricians, 167; takes a census, 167, strengthens the senate, 167; improves Rome, 167, establishes the Empire, 168, senate names him Augustus, 169, “restores the Republic,” 168, 169, constitutional position, 170, wealth, 172, as censor, 172, consulships, 173; tribunician power, 173, successors, 174, age and reign, 175; and the senate, 175, pretended abdication, 177, powers, 177, patron of the people, 180 and the laws, 180; military position, 182, creates a navy, 186, and public finance, 188, his generosity, 188, his provinces, 194, account of condition of Italy, 196, and the Parthians, 197, cult of himself, 201, 225; and Egypt, 203, and the Soudan, 204, and Herod, 206, and the Jews, 207; in Sicily, 209, and Gaul, 209, and Germany, 212, and Spain, 220; results of his rule, 221, his work, 223, aristocracy and, 224, plots against, 224, flattery, 224; and the regeneration of Roman society, 225; as a father, 226; marriages, 226; and the succession, 228, family, 229, his habits, 229, character, 230, education, 231, and literature 232; in Vergil, 234; in Horace, 239, and art, 243, and rebuilding of Rome, 244, 248, culture, 252, and the enlargement of the Empire, 259 Aurelian, 307 Aurelius, Marcus, Antonine dynasty, 277; philosophy fashionable under, 279, Galen, his state physician, 290, portrait, 292, 294; hostile to Christianity, 302, and immortality, 303, Rome under, 305, and the barbarians, 309, 311 Ausonius, 316 Austria, 217, 220 Autonomy, local, 284 Aventine Hill, 280 Avernus, Lake of, 186 Axiomitæ, 307 Ba’albek, 282, 295 Bacchic mysteries, 79 Bacchus, 240 Bactrians, 307 Bætica, 221 Baiæ, 134, 251, 257, 296; Turner’s picture of, 283 Bakery account from Pompeii, 285 Balearic slingers, 98 Balkans, 220 Bank rate, 166 Bankrupts and the senate, 103 Banks, 64 Banquets, 133, 136, 196 Barberini panel, 316 Barcas, the, 49 Barea Soranus, 273, 300 Barristers, 298 Batanæa, 194 Batavian cavalry, 184 Baths, 136, 196, 243, 261, 283 Baths of Titus, the, 293 Battle-array, 29 Beasts for the arena, 133 Bedriacum, 273 Beja, 221 Belgica, 210 Bestia, 91, 92 Bibulus, 111 Bithynia, 60, 193, 200 “Bithyniarchs,” 201