Marius, Gaius, and reform, 90, chosen as officer against Jugurtha, 93; elected consul, 93, commands the army in Africa, 93, re-elected consul, 94, chief magistrate of the state, 94; defeats the Teutons and Cimbri, 94, and the land, 95, and the senate, 95, and a professional army, 96, massacre by, and death, 104, Cæsar and, 109 Marius the younger, 105 Mark Antony. _See_ Antony Marriage, 80, marriage laws, 226 Mars, 36 Mars, priests of _See_ Salii Mars the Avenger, 198, Temple of, 252 Mars’ woodpeckers, 38 Marsians, 13, 28 Martial, 220, 278, 289 Martyrdoms of Christians, 301 Masinissa, 57, 208 Mater Matuta, shrine of, 152, 250 Materialism and religion, 139 Mau, Prof., 296 Mauretania, 194, 208, 269 Mausoleum, friezes of the, 246 Maxentius, 302 Maximin the Thracian, 179, 306 Media Atropatene, 199 Medicine, 290 Mediomatrici, the, 212 Mediterranean fleet, 186 Mediterranean, Roman command of the, 56 Mediterranean worship, prehistoric, 38 Melville, G. J. W., 279 Memmius, 92 Menander, 76 Mercury, 39 Merida, 221 Mesopotamia, 107, 267 Messalina, 138, 224, 255 Messalla, M. Valerius, 233, 240 Messengers, imperial, 196 Messiah, the, 269 “Messianic Eclogue,” Vergil’s, 160 Messina, 47, 209 Metaphysics, 300 Metaurtus, River, 52 Metellus family, 75 Metellus, Q, 92, 95, 153 Metellus, Q Cæcilius, 226 Metz, 212 Meyer, Dr. Edouard, 171 Michael Angelo, 244, 251 Milan, Edict of, 302, 313 Militarism, 302 Military despotism, 183 Military service under Gaius Gracchus, 88, under the Republic, 96-97, Roman citizens and, 184, Italians and, 196, Jews exempt, 268; barbarians and, 311 Milo, 119 Milvian Bridge, 313 Minden, 219 Minerals, 188 Minerva, 39, 79 Mines, 117, 131, 221, in Gaul, 212 Mint at Lyons, 211 Misenum, 186 Mithradates, King of Pontus, 60, 103, massacre by, 65, duration of war against, 107, defeated by Pompeius, 109, portrait on coin, 158 Mithradatic War, 103 Mithraism, 201, 299, 308 Modena, 163 Mœsia, 194, 220, 265 Mogontiacum (Mainz), 263 _Moles Hadriani_, 294 Mommsen, Theodor, on Greece and Rome, 10; on Roman religion, 40, on Roman luxury, 72, on Cæsar, 112, on the Gauls, 115, on Augustus, 198 Monaco, monument to Augustus at, 220 Monarchy, Cæsar and, 124, hereditary, 175, Augustus and the, 183, growth of, 277 Money, 313 Monotheism, 207, 303 Morality, 79, 136, 138 Morocco _See_ Mauretania Mosaics, 158, 247, 296, 316 Moselle, the, 215 Mucianus, 274 Mule and tent money, 190 Mummius, 155, 247 Munda, 123 Municipal government, 284 Municipal life, 195 Municipal senators, 311 _Municipia_, 28 Mural painting, 152 Music in schools, 286 Musonius Rufus, 302 Mysia. _See_ Mœsia Mythology, early Roman, 36, 37, 38. _See also_ Religion Nabatæa, 194 Nævius, 75 Naples, 134, 251, 296 Naples, Bay of, 283 Narbonne, 210 Narcissus, 256 Nations, wandering of the, 309 Natural law, 298 Nature-worship, 240