Navy, 48, 186, 187 Neolithic culture, 14 Nepos, 150 Nero, Suetonius on, 162, 256, 306, unpopular, 177; Petronius satirises, 242; the historians and, 254, his Golden House, 256, murders, 256, attempts upon his mother’s life, 257, story of his death, 257; posthumous honours, 259, and the Jews, 268; accession, 272, administration, 272-273, his fall, 273, entertainments, 279, tyranny, 287; and Seneca, 291, Greek curio-hunting, 293, Christian persecution, 301 Nero, Claudius, 227 Nero, colossus of, 282 Nerva, 179, 275, 276, 289 Nicolaus, 206 Nicomedia, 312 Nicopolis, 202 Nile, the, 204 Ninth Legion, 122, 260 Niobe, 241 Nismes, Temple of, 251 Nobility, 223, 224 Nola, 106 Nomads, Northern, 197 Noricum, 194, 220 Northern descents on the Mediterranean peoples, 213 Numa, 19 Numantia, 85 Numidia, 92, 208 Numidian cavalry, 52, 98 Nymphs, 37 Ocean, the, 210, 213, 217 Octavia, 126, 129, 138, 175, 224, 228, 235 Octavius, (tribune), 87 Octavius, Octavian. _See_ Augustus Odenathus, 307 Odoacer, 314 Officialism _See_ Bureaucracy Oil, free, 308 Olympia, 201 Olympian mythology, 207, 240 Omens, 32, 139 Opimius, L., 92 Ops Consiva, 37, 38 Oratory, 144, 147, 148 Orestes (sculpture), 249 Oriens, 312 Ornament in sculpture, 249, painted, 297 Orodes, 200 Osiris, 203 Ostia, 12, 27, 255 Otho, 273 Ovid, Latinity of, 9; and Augustus, 169, and the defeat of Parthia, 199, and the gods, 225, an immoral writer, 240; and the loves of the gods, 240, and nature-worship, 240; typical of the civilisation of his day, 241, as a barrister, 241, banishment, 242; and the younger Julia, 242; his character, 242 Oysters, Lucrine, 187 Pacuvius, 76, 138 Pagan-Christian rites, 304 Painting (art), 152, 296 Pais, Prof. Ettore, 42 Palatine Hill, 25, 280 Palatine, the, 168 Palazzo dei Conservatori, 294 Pales (god), 36 Palestine, 268 Palmyra, 282, 295, 306, 307, 308 Pamphylia, 193 Pannonia, 193, 220 Pannonian and Illyrian revolt, 184, 217 Pantheon, the, 251, 294 Paphlagonia, 193 Parilia, 36 Paris, 211 Parisii, the, 211 Parthenon frieze, 249 Parthia, 247, 266, 267, 269 Parthians, the, 107, 125, 129, 197-200, 259 Party system started by the Gracchi, 90 Pasiteles, 155 Passports, 196 “Patavinity,” 151 Patras, 202 Patriarchal system, 25, 26 Patricians, 14, 25, 30, 43, 167, 272, 314 Patriciate, the, 224 Patriotism, 231 Patronage in literature, 232 Patrons of art, 246, 247 _Patronus_, or champion, 176, 195 Paul, St., 207, 300, appeal to Cæsar, 194 Paulinus, Suetonius, 260 Pausanias, 290 “Pax,” 166 Pax Augusta, 209 Pax Julia (Beja), 221 Pax Romana, 61, 186 Peace under Augustus, 166, Augustan Altar of Peace (“Tellus Group”), 244, 245, 248, 251; in the Antonine age, 303, and defence, 309 Pelignians, 13 Penates, 37 Pensions for soldiers, 99, 185 People, the, 179 Peræa, 194 Pergamum, 55, Attalids of, 246