Pericles, 157 Perseus, 56 Persians, 307 Perspective in sculpture, 248 Pertinax, 306 Perugia, 129, 196 Perusine War, 227 Peter, St., 300 Petronius Arbiter, 138, 242, 278, 279 Petronius the legate, 205 Pharisaism, 207 Pharisees, the, 269 Pharsalus, Battle of, 121 Philemon, 76 Philip of Macedon, 50, 54 Philip the Arabian, bust of, 292 Philippi, Battles of, 128 Philistine coast towns, 205 Philistinism in Roman art, 246 Philo Judæus, 290, 300 Philomela, 241 Philosophy, 139, 279, 286, 290, 299, 300 Phœbe, 230 Phraates, 198, 200 Phrygian corybants, 139 Piacenza, 53 Piazza, 252 Piety, 235 Pilate, Pontius, 206 Pile-dwellings, 14 Pilum, the, 98 Piracy, 59, 106, 108 Pisidia, 193 Piso C. Calpurnius, 80 Piso (consul with Augustus), 174 Placidia, Empress, 315 Plague, the, 290, 307 Plantation system of slaves, 71 Platæa, 201 Plautius Silvanus, Aulus, 259 Plautus, 76, 77, 138 Plebeians, 14, 25, 30, 43 Plebiscite, the, 174, 179 Plebs, secession of the, 30 Pliny (the elder) and Etruscan art, 20, art critic, 249; as compiler, 290 Pliny (the younger), history in, 195, 278, and the emperors, 242, condition of Italy, 196, letters, 270; benevolence, 283, and schools, 286, and reading, 287, and toleration, 301 Plutarch, 290 Poetry of the Republic, 142, of the Augustan age, 233-243, of the Empire, 288-289 Polemo, 200 Police, 182, 186 Political system, reform of, and the Gracchi, 89 Pollio, Asinius, 160, 168, 232, 234 Polybius, 66, 150 Polycarp, 300 Polygnotus, 296 Pompeian law, 120 Pompeii, 134, 195, 283, 285, 296, 297 Pompeius, Gneius, the Great, and new provinces, 60; and the monarchy, 100, supporter of Sulla, 105, 108, ally of Crassus, 108, ruler of the sea, 109; puts down piracy, 109, defeats Mithradates, 109, and Cæsar, 114, 119; political incapacity, 118, sole consul, 119, flies before Cæsar, 121; murdered, 122, and the walls of Jerusalem, 123, his wealth, 132, Vergil and, 288 Pompeius, Sextus, a pirate, 123, joined by “patriots,” 128, defeat of, 129, his allies against Augustus, 164, and Sicily, 209; reconciliation with Augustus, 226 Pomponius Mela, 290 Pont du Gard, 294 _Pontifex maximus_, 32. _See also_ Cæsar Pontus, 60, 193, 194, 200, 312 Poor children, Pliny’s benefaction for, 283 Pope, the, 315 Population, decline of, 313 Populus Romanus, 174, 177, 179 Pork, free, 308 Portraiture, Etruscan, 152, dread of, 156, under the Republic, 156-157, under Augustus, 248-250, under the Empire, 292 Portugal, 221 Portus Julius, 187 Post, 196 Postumus, 306 Pottery, Etruscan, 20, Gallic, 114, Aretine, 159 “Præfects, Prætorian,” 312 Præneste, 251, 296 _Prætor peregrinus_, 298 _Prætor urbanus_, 298