[1] See _Galileo Overthrows Ancient Philosophy_, page 14. [2] See _Harvey Discovers the Circulation of the Blood_, page 50. [3] See _Educational Reform of Comenius_, page 192. [4] See _Birth of Modern Scientific Methods: Bacon and Descartes_, page 116. [5] See _Recantation of Galileo_, page 184. [6] See _Masaniello's Revolt at Naples_, page 253. [7] See _The "Defenestration" at Prague: The Thirty Years' War_, page 62. [8] See _Triumph and Death of Gustavus Adolphus at Luetzen_, page 174. [9] See _Peace of Westphalia_, page 285. [10] See _Siege of La Rochelle: Richelieu Rules France_, page 129. [11] See _Molière Creates Modern Comedy_, page 347. [12] See _War of the Fronde_, page 285. [13] See _Abolition of the Star-Chamber: Popular Revolt against Charles I_, page 215. [14] See _Presbyterianism Established: Meeting of the Westminster Assembly_, page 238. [15] See _Civil War in England: Execution of Charles I_, page 311. [16] See _Cromwell's Campaign in Ireland_, page 335. [17] See _Cromwell's Rule in England: The Restoration_, page 357. [18] See _Henry Hudson Explores the Hudson River_, page 1. [19] See _Dutch Settlement of New York_, page 44. [20] See _Beginning of British Power in India_, page 30. [21] See _Founding of Montreal_, page 232. [22] See _English Pilgrims Settle at Plymouth_, page 93. [23] See _First American Legislature_, page 76. [24] See _Introduction of Negroes into Virginia: Spread of Slavery and the Cultivation of Tobacco_, page 81. [25] See _Great Puritan Exodus to New England: Founding of Boston_, page 153. [26] See _First Written Free Constitution in the World_, page 205. [27] See _Earliest Union among American Colonies_, page 205. [28] See _Religious Toleration Proclaimed in Maryland_, page 303. HENRY HUDSON EXPLORES THE HUDSON RIVER A.D. 1609 HENRY R. CLEVELAND Although Henry Hudson was not the first discoverer of the waters to which his name was given, he was a bold sailor whose achievements justly gave him rank with the foremost navigators and explorers of his time. He was well versed in scientific navigation. His first recorded voyage was made in the service of the Muscovy or Russia Company of England in 1607. His object was to find a passage across the north pole to the Spice Islands (Moluccas), in the Malay Archipelago. Though failing in this purpose, he reached a higher latitude than had before been attained by any navigator. His next venture (1608), for the same company, was for "finding a passage to the East Indies by the northeast," but he failed to pass in that direction beyond Nova Zembla, and returned to England. These two failures discouraged the Muscovy Company, but did not daunt Henry Hudson. Again he determined to sail the northern seas, and the story of his third great voyage and its results is here given to the reader.