1. A visit to the site of and museums of Carthage, with a view to ascertaining the traceable effects of Greek trade and Greek influence in the Phœnician city; 2. A detailed examination, lasting ten days, of the region and site of Syracuse; 3. An examination of the field of Marathon, which I had previously visited, though under adverse circumstances of weather, in January, 1893; 4. A very careful examination of Salamis strait; 5. A voyage up the Euripus, and such examination of the strait at Artemisium as was necessary; 6. A survey of the pass of Thermopylæ; 7. A detailed examination of the path of the Anopæa; 8. An examination of the Asopos ravine and the site and neighbourhood of Heraklea Trachinia; 9. An examination of the route southward from Thermopylæ, through the Dorian plain, past Kytinion and Amphissa to Delphi; 10. A second examination of Platæa and the passes of Kithæron. Other parts of Greece known to me, though not visited with the intention of, or, it may be, under circumstances permitting, historical inquiry are:— 1. Thessaly, going (_a_) From Volo to Thaumaki, _viâ_ Pharsalos; (_b_) From Volo to Kalabaka (Æginion) and the pass of Lakmon; (_c_) From Volo to Tempe, _viâ_ Larissa; 2. The great route from Delphi to Lebadeia by the Schiste; 3. The route up the west coast of Peloponnese from Pylos, through Triphylia and Elis to Patras; 4. The neighbourhood of Missolonghi; 5. Corfu and Thera (Santorin). CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. Greek and Persian 1 II. Persian and Greek in Asia. The Scythian Expedition 29 III. The Ionian Revolt 79 IV. Persian Operations in Europe: B.C. 493–490. Marathon 145 V. The Entr’acte: B.C. 490–480 195 VI. The March of the Persian Army. Preparations in Greece 213 VII. Thermopylæ 257 VIII. Artemisium 318 IX. Salamis 344 X. From Salamis to Platæa 408 XI. The Campaign of Platæa 436 XII. Mykale and Sestos 522 XIII. The War as a Whole 534 XIV. Herodotus as the Historian of the Great War 556 INDEX 581 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.