The Great Steel Strike and its LessonsFoster, William Z.
History
The Great Steel Strike and its Lessons
Foster, William Z.
Steel Strike, U.S., 1919-1920; United States Steel Corporation
Similar instances might be multiplied to illustrate the extreme
virulence of the attacks on Labor in late struggles--how the press
manufactured the general strikes in Seattle and Winnipeg into young
revolutions; and how even when Mr. Gompers announced some time back that
the American Federation of Labor would continue its customary political
policy of "rewarding its friends and punishing its enemies," the scheme
was denounced in influential quarters as an attempt to capture the
Government and set up a dictatorship of the proletariat. But enough. The
steel strike was a drive straight at the heart of industrial autocracy
in America; it could expect to meet with nothing less than the most
desperate and unscrupulous resistance. If the issue used against the
strike had not been the charge of radical leadership, we may rest
assured there would have been another "just as good." The next movement
will have to win by its own strength, rather than by the vagaries of a
newspaper-created public opinion.
But a far more pressing problem even than any of those touched upon in
the foregoing paragraphs is the one involved in the attitude of the
Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel and Tin Workers toward the steel
campaign. This organization withdrew from the National Committee
immediately after the strike was called off, and it has apparently
abandoned trying, at least for the time being, to organize the big steel
mills. Thus the whole campaign is brought to the brink of ruin, because
the Amalgamated Association has jurisdiction over about 50 per cent. of
the workers in the mills, including all the strategic steel-making
trades, without whose support the remainder cannot possibly win. Unless
it can be brought back to the fold, the joint movement of the trades in
the steel industry will almost certainly be broken up, to the great glee
of Mr. Gary and his associates.
This action was in logical sequence to the position taken through the
campaign by several of the Amalgamated Association's general officers.
From the beginning, they considered the movement with pessimism, often
with hostility. It received scant co-operation from them. As related in
Chapter VI, they tried to get a settlement with the U. S. Steel
Corporation right in the teeth of the general movement; and their
financial support was meager, to say the least.[34] For a few weeks
during the strike movement, when victory seemed near, they displayed
some slight enthusiasm; but this soon wore off and they adopted a policy
of "saving what they could." They were exceedingly anxious to call off
the strike many weeks before its close, and went about the country
discouraging the men and advising them to return to work. And even
worse, they attempted to make separate settlements with the steel
companies. The following proposed agreement, presented to (and refused
by) the Bethlehem Steel Corporation at Sparrows' Point when the strike
was not yet two months old, tells its own story:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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