Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
His private life, in spite of some damaging admissions in the
_Timarchus_, seems to have been satisfactory according to Athenian
standards. Demosthenes accused him of offering a gross insult to an
Olynthian lady. Whether or not the statement was an entire fiction, we
are not in a position to judge. Aeschines indignantly denies the charge,
and asserts that the Athenian people, when it was made, refused to listen
to it, in view of their confirmed respect for his own character:
‘Only consider the folly, the vulgarity of the man, who has
invented so monstrous a lie against me as the one about the
Olynthian woman. You hissed him down in the middle of the
story, for the slander was quite out of keeping with my
character, and you knew me well.’[264]
Whatever his origin may have been, he was not ashamed of it. He more than
once refers with affectionate respect to his father.[265] His love for
his wife and children is on one occasion ingeniously introduced in an
eloquent passage to influence the feelings of his hearers. This use of
‘pathos’ was familiar enough to Greek audiences, but Aeschines shows his
originality by the form in which he puts the appeal—aiming directly at
the feelings of individual hearers for their own families, rather than
asking the assembly collectively to pity the victims of misfortune:
‘I have by my wife, the daughter of Philodemus and sister of
Philon and Echecrates, three children, a daughter and two sons.
I have brought them here with the rest of my family in order
that I may put one question and prove one point to my judges;
and this I shall now proceed to do. I ask you, men of Athens,
whether you think it likely that, in addition to sacrificing
my country and the companionship of my friends and my right to
a share in the worship and the burial-place of my fathers, I
could betray to Philip these whom I love more than anything in
the world, and value his friendship higher than their safety?
Have I ever become so far the slave of base pleasures? Have I
ever yet done anything so base for the sake of money? No; it is
not Macedon that makes a man good or bad, but nature; and when
we return from an embassy we are the same men that we were when
you sent us out.’[266]
Lastly, he could speak of himself with dignity, as in the passage, quoted
above,[267] where he rebuts a charge against his private character, and
in the following:
‘My silence, Demosthenes, is due to the moderation of my
life; I am content with a little; I have no base desire
for greatness; and so my silence or my speech is due to
careful deliberation, not to necessity imposed by habits of
extravagance. You, I imagine, are habitually silent when you
have got what you want; when you have spent it, you raise your
voice.’[268]
§ 4. _Style_
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