Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
‘When in the course of time you were relieved of these duties,
having yourself committed all the offences of which you accuse
others, I vow that your subsequent life did not fall short
of your earlier promise. You engaged yourself to the players
Simylus and Socrates, the “Bellowers,” as they were called, to
play minor parts, and gathered a harvest of figs, grapes, and
olives, like a fruiterer getting his stock from other people’s
orchards; and you made more from this source than from your
plays, which you played in dead earnest at the risk of your
lives; for there was a truceless and merciless war between you
and the spectators, from whom you received so many wounds that
you naturally mock at the cowardice of those who have never had
that great experience.’[370]
He is generally described as deficient in wit, and he seems in this point
to have been inferior to Aeschines, though on one or two occasions he
could make a neat repartee.[371] As Dionysius says:
‘Not on all men is every gift bestowed.’[372]
If, as his critic affirms,[373] he was in danger of turning the laugh
against himself, he had serious gifts which more than compensated this
deficiency.
It must not be supposed that he was entirely free from sophistry. Like
many good orators in good or bad causes he laboured from time to time to
make a weak case appear strong, and in this effort was often absolutely
disingenuous. The whole of the _de Corona_ is an attempt to throw the
judges off the scent by leading them on to false trails. It may be urged
in his defence that on this occasion he had justice really on his side,
but finding that Aeschines on legal ground was occupying an impregnable
position, he practically threw over the discussion of legality and
turned the course of the trial towards different issues altogether. In
this case, admittedly, the technical points were merely an excuse for
the bringing of the case, and were probably of little importance to the
court. The trial was really concerned with the political principles and
actions of the two great opponents, while Ctesiphon was only a catspaw.
But a study of other speeches results in the discovery of many minor
points in which, accurately gauging the intelligence of his audience,
he has intentionally misled them. Thus, his own knowledge of history
was profound; but experience has proved that the knowledge possessed
by any audience of the history of its own generation is likely to be
sketchy and inaccurate. Events have not settled down into their proper
perspective; we must rely either on our own memories, which may be
distorted by prejudice, or on the statements of historians who stand too
near in time to be able to get a fair view. This gives the politician his
opportunity of so grouping or misrepresenting facts as to give a wrong
impression.
Instances of such bad faith on the part of Demosthenes are probably
numerous, even if unimportant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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