Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
‘It is reasonable, Gentlemen, that, in the case of men who
voluntarily face the danger of a trial, you should take the
same view of them as they do of themselves. Those who refuse to
await their trial practically stand self-condemned, so that you
may reasonably pass on them the sentence which they have passed
on themselves; but as for those who wait to stand their trial
in the confidence that they have done no wrong, you have a
right to hold the same opinion about them which they have held
about themselves, and not decide, without a hearing, that they
are in the wrong....
‘I am considering, therefore, from which point I ought to begin
my defence. Shall I begin with the last-mentioned plea, that
my indictment was illegal? or with the fact that the decree of
Isotimides is not valid? or shall I appeal to the laws and
the oaths which you have taken? or, lastly, shall I start by
relating the facts from the beginning?
‘My greatest difficulty is that the various counts of the
indictment do not stir you all equally to resentment, but each
of you has some point which he would like me to answer first.
It is impossible to deal with them all at once, and so it
seems to me the best course to relate the whole story from the
beginning, omitting nothing; for if you thoroughly realize what
actually occurred, you will easily recognize the lies which my
accusers have told to my discredit.’[103]
The peroration is simple and vigorous in its directness:
‘Do not deprive yourselves of your hopes of my help, nor
deprive me of my hopes of helping you. I now request those who
have already given proof of the highest nobility of feeling
towards the democracy to mount the platform and advise you in
accordance with what they know of my character. Come forward,
Anytus and Cephalus, and you members of my tribe who have been
chosen to plead for me—Thrasyllus and the rest.’[104]
Reference has already been made to the vitality of his speech. Compared
with his life-like vigour, the ‘austerity’ of Antiphon becomes dull and
pompous. The most striking feature of his work is the ease with which,
in reporting conversations or explaining motives, he breaks into direct
quotation, recalling his own words or putting words into the mouths
of others to express what they said or thought. We recognize in this
something of a Homeric quality; it is comparable to the Epic use of ὧδε
δέ τις εἴπεσκε and καὶ ποτέ τις εἴπῃσι.
The following extract shows how the main thread of the sentence may be
lost in a tangle of such parenthetical quotations:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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