Orators -- Greece; Oratory, Ancient; Speeches, addresses, etc., Greek -- History and criticism
The chief grounds for suspicion are the inaccuracies of the historical
narrative (§§ 3-9) and the curious fact that a very similar passage
occurs in Aeschines (_de F. L._, §§ 172-176), where even certain
peculiarities of phraseology[114] are reproduced. As to history,
the orators were often inaccurate about the past history of their
own country. Careless statements occur even in the _de Mysteriis_.
Demosthenes is an untrustworthy authority even for events almost
contemporary. As to the other matter, there is good reason for the belief
that Aeschines plagiarized Andocides in the fact that a reference to
Andocides, the grandfather of the orator, which occurs in both speeches,
is in place in a speech of Andocides, while there is no particular reason
why Aeschines, if he were composing the passage, should have mentioned
him. In some minor points, as Jebb has shown, Andocides is more accurate
than Aeschines. The suggestion that the _de Pace_ is a spurious speech,
composed by a later rhetor who plagiarized from Aeschines, is therefore
hardly tenable. There remains a third possibility, that both Aeschines
and Andocides borrowed from the same semi-historical compilation, perhaps
a lost rhetorical exercise.
The _de Pace_ and the _de Reditu_ are not enlivened by excursions into
anecdote or the consequent direct quotations of speech which characterize
the _de Mysteriis_. The historical argument already mentioned is dull in
itself, but the tedium of the _de Pace_ is somewhat relieved by a not
infrequent use of rhetorical question.
‘What is there left for us to discuss? The subject of Corinth
and the invitation of Argos. First, I should like to be
informed about Corinth: if the Boeotians do not join us in the
war but make peace with Sparta, what will Corinth be worth to
us? Remember the day, men of Athens, when we made our alliance
with the Boeotians; what was our feeling in that transaction?
Was it not that we and Boeotia in combination were strong
enough to stand against all the world? But now our question
is, if the Boeotians make peace, how shall we be able, without
Boeotian help, to fight against Sparta? We can do it, say some
people, if we protect Corinth, and have an alliance with Argos.
‘But when the Spartans attack Argos, are we going to help Argos
or not? We must definitely choose one course or the other.’[115]
An appeal for peace does not give such opportunities for oratory as a
call to arms; nevertheless, a greater orator might have made more of the
subject.
The speech _Against Alcibiades_ is undoubtedly spurious and belongs to a
much later date.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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