The other sources from which I have been an occasional borrower are all mentioned in the “List of Authorities Consulted.” Footnotes and cross-references in the text interfere greatly with one’s pleasure in reading a book, and I have therefore not hesitated to introduce them sparingly. It gives me a special pleasure to call attention here to the far-sighted generosity displayed by the founder of The Williams Memorial Fund in making it practicable henceforth for the Yale University Press to accept for publication medical treatises which deal with the historical and scientific questions of this branch of knowledge, but which for sound business reasons cannot be published on a merely commercial basis. And I have the further pleasure of expressing my real appreciation of the skill with which the University Press has solved the problems of a suitable size and style of type for this volume, and of the sound advice which it has given with regard to the extent to which the effectiveness of the book may be increased by the introduction of pictorial illustrations. To my friend, Lawrence F. Abbott, of New York, I am deeply indebted for the valuable assistance which he has rendered me throughout the entire progress of this work. Indeed, without this assistance, I doubt whether I should have had the courage to remain at my post to the very end. ALBERT H. BUCK. Cornwall, N. Y., December 29, 1916. CONTENTS PART I. ANCIENT MEDICINE PAGE Preface ix Chapter I. Development of the Science and Art of Medicine 3 Chapter II. Oriental Medicine 11 Chapter III. Oriental Medicine (continued) 25 Chapter IV. Greek Medicine at the Dawn of History 46 Chapter V. The Significance of the Serpent in the Statues and Votive Offerings Exposed to View in the Aesculapian Temples 62 Chapter VI. The Beginnings of a Rational System of Medicine in Greece 67 Chapter VII. Hippocrates the Great 81 Chapter VIII. Brief Extracts from Some of the Hippocratic Writings 89 Chapter IX. The State of Greek Medicine after the Events of the Peloponnesian War; the Founding of Alexandria in Egypt, at the Mouth of the Nile; and the Development of Different Sects in Medicine 96 Chapter X. Erasistratus and Herophilus, the Two Great Leaders in Medicine at Alexandria; the Founding of New Sects 104