heavier scourge, to the violence and insolence of foreign mercenaries. Under John Normandy was lost(23), and England again became the chief possession of the King of England. But neither John nor Henry learned the lesson. The personal vices of the father, the personal virtues of the son, worked to the same end as far as their kingdom was concerned. The King whose wickedness became a proverb, who surrounded himself with the kindred ruffians of every nation, and the King whose chief fault was that he could never say No to his wife or his mother, helped alike to call forth the spirit of resistance, to draw all Englishmen of whatever origin nearer together, and thereby to work out the great work of giving England a free and lasting Constitution. For such Kings we may well be thankful, but to such Kings we owe no thanks. Our feelings of personal thankfulness towards any of our later Kings begin only when a King arose who joined the political skill of Henry the Second to the personal virtues of Henry the Third, and who added to both a feeling of English patriotism, a ruling sense of right in public affairs, of which neither Henry ever felt the slightest spark in his bosom. Edward the First, the first of our later Kings who bore an English name and an English heart, was the first round whose name can gather any feelings of personal thankfulness. In him we see the first of our Kings of foreign blood who did aught for the growth of our constitutional rights in some other way than that of calling forth the spirit of resistance to his rule.