+Jalisco+ 17. Hacienda de Medinero 18. Hacienda de Cedra 19. Hacienda de Ciénega de Mata 20. Hacienda de Cabezón 21. Hacienda de Cuisillos 22. Hacienda de Zapotitán 23. Hacienda de Bellavista 24. Hacienda de Aurora 25. Hacienda de la Venta del Astillero +Hidalgo+ 26. Hacienda de Santana 27. Hacienda de Xala 28. Hacienda de Pueblilla 29. Hacienda de Tepa-Chica +Michoacán+ 30. Hacienda de Guarache +Colima+ 31. Hacienda de San Antonio +State of México+ 32. Hacienda de San José 33. Hacienda de Altillo 34. Hacienda de los Morales 35. Hacienda de Jajalpa 36. Hacienda la Gavia 37. Hacienda de Esperanza +Morelos+ 38. Hacienda de Cocoyoc 39. Hacienda de Chinameca +Tlaxcala+ 40. Hacienda de los Molinos +Puebla+ 41. Hacienda de Pópulo 42. Hacienda de San José Huejotzingo 43. Hacienda de Dolores Noriatenco 44. Hacienda de Arenillas 45. Hacienda de Caleturia +Veracruz+ 46. Hacienda de Encero 47. Hacienda Manga de Clavo +Oaxaca+ 48. Hacienda de Águilar +Campeche+ 49. Hacienda de Castamay +Yucatán+ 50. Hacienda de Holactún 51. Hacienda de Teya 52. Hacienda de Xcanatun 53. Hacienda de Sodzil 54. Hacienda de Tabi 55. Hacienda San Ignacio 56. Hacienda Pixoy 57. Hacienda Yaxche 58. Hacienda de Tikuch 59. Hacienda de Chichén Itza I. The Hacienda System [Illustration: Hacienda cattle brand] Forty years ago, traveling by train in Mexico, I saw, in remote areas, what appeared to be miniature villages. I made sketches of them from the train and later visited some of the sites and learned they were ancient haciendas. Over the years since then, I have visited 330 haciendas and made the first art record of these estates. I traveled on horseback, on foot, by bus, train, car, truck, motorbike, and mule-drawn, narrow-gauge railway. I saw that haciendas had become mere place-names as they disintegrated or were bulldozed. Walk into a handsome mansion and you find twenty or thirty empty rooms. To escape the revolution, the owner fled years earlier. Earthquakes, weather, and abandonment have riddled walls and floors. The residence stands roofless, windowless, doorless--constructed of stone, brick and adobe, or a combination of these. Church and chapel exist at every hacienda and they are still used by neighbors and peasants who may occupy the manor house. There are dates on bell skirts, on walls or beams of a storage bodega, on escutcheons, on archways; often they are carved in the mesquite floor of a chapel or church. [Illustration: Hacienda de Valenciana, Guanajuato: patio fountain.] In the tropics, flame trees, bougainvillea, red-orange galeanas, lavender jacaranda, and yellow primavera flower among ruins. In northern areas, pine, tall eucalypti, mesquite, cedar, pepper, and chinaberry remain.