Intellectual Stagnation--Saracens and Jews Revive Learning--University of Bagdad--Public Schools--Medical College of Cairo--Circulating Library--Modern Form of Books--Arabic Notation--Discoveries in Chemistry--Rotundity of the Earth--Mariner's Compass--Discoveries of Alhazin--Astronomical Observatories--Golden Age of Judaism--Cities of Andalusia--Saracen Dwellings--Condition of Women--Female Physicians. CHAPTER V. Jerusalem the Sacred City--Alexandria Noted for Philosophy--School of Hypatia--Mob Murders Her--Doctrines of Cyril--Jerusalem a Scene of Suffering--Fulfillment of Prophecy--Herculaneum and Pompeii--Their Destruction--Evidences {VI.} of their Wickedness--Excavations--Roman Rule--Removal of Capital--Crimes of Constantine--Commencement of Greek Empire--Description of Constantinople--Its Capture by Crusaders--Taken by the Turks--Intellectual Degradation--Priestcraft--Debauchery--Turkish Rule. CHAPTER VI. Growth of Relic-Worship--Schemes of the Roman Pontiffs--Manufacture of Relics--Their Great Variety--Value of Relics--Insults Offered to Pilgrims--Peter the Hermit--Crusades--Disorderly Rabble--Terrible Suffering--Capture of Jerusalem--Terrible Massacre--Capture of Constantinople--Crusades of the Children--Results of the Crusades--Revival of Learning. CHAPTER VII. The Morning Dawns--Rise of Knighthood--Principles of Knights--Apostate Priests Held in Contempt--Waldenses--Persecutions in Southern France--Rise of the Inquisition--Liberal Policy of Frederick--"Everlasting Gospel"--Its Remarkable Teachings--Bacon's Discoveries--Geographical Knowledge--Azores and Canary Islands--Travels of Marco Polo--Condition of European States--Modern States. CHAPTER VIII. Lesson from Heathen Mythology--Vicissitudes of Roman Church--Boniface Pope--Advancement in Civilization--Work of the Roman Church--Invention of Printing--Gutenberg--Bible First Printed--Columbus--His Wonderful Dream--His Great Voyage--Discovery of America--Trials and Triumphs. CHAPTER IX. History in Words--British Coat of Arms--The Ten Tribes--Account of Esdras--Dispersion of the Tribes--Mixed Seed of Israel--Effect on European Society--Jewish Influence--Discovery of Cape of Good Hope--Pacific Ocean Discovered--Magellan's Voyage--Discovers Cape Horn--Distance Sailed--Death of Magellan--Voyage Completed--Its Effect on the Public--Huss and Jerome Burned--John Ziska--Persecutions of Waldenses--Capture of Mentz--Dispersion of Printers--Hans Boheim--Joss Fritz--Sale of Indulgences--Martin Luther Burns the Pope's Letter--Grand Council at Worms--Rome in a Rage--Luther Kidnapped. CHAPTER X.