Germany Aroused--Peasants' War--Muntzer's Proclamation--Emperor Quarrels With the Pope--Results in Other {VII.} Countries--Growth in Modern Languages--Luther's Crowning Work--Power of Superstition--Witchcraft--Reformers not Inspired--Extracts from Mosheim--Battle-Ax of God--Copernicus--Galileo--Newton--Death of Bruno--Change in Commercial Affairs--Spanish Armada--Blessed by the Pope--Destroyed by a Storm--Its Effect on Europe--England's Influence and Position--America the Land of Refuge. CHAPTER XI. Columbus Destroyed Papal Dogmas--Cruelty of Spaniards--Their Retribution--Relics in Massachusetts--Newport Tower--Mounds in Ohio--Remains Found in Iowa--Plates Found in Illinois--Ancient Mexican Pyramids--Human Sacrifices--View from the Great Pyramid--Ancient American Sculptures--Mammoths--Mexican Customs--Religious Rites--Computation of Time--Arts and Sciences--Description of Peru--Its Civilization--Massacre of the Incas--Testimony of Travellers--Indian Traditions. CHAPTER XII. England's Development--Reign of Elizabeth--Influence of the Bible--Tyranny of the Kings--Jacques Cartier--Discovery of the St. Lawrence--Quebec Founded--Acadia Colonized--Transferred to England--Extracts from Longfellow's Poem--Virginia Settled. CHAPTER XIII. Character of the Colonists--They Leave England--Sojourn in Holland--Brewster's Printing Press--Puritans Embark for America--Their Trust in God--Robinson's Prophecy--Plymouth Founded--Sufferings of the Colonists--Conflict in England--Peculiarities of the Puritans--Harvard College Founded--Extent of Settlements--First Confederation. CHAPTER XIV. Description of Holland--A Land of Refuge--Tyranny of Alva--The Struggle for Independence--Siege of Leyden--The Country Submerged--Famine in the City--Speech of the Mayor--Heroic Conduct--Trust in God--Storm Raises the Waters--Spaniards Retreat--Leyden is Saved--Thanksgiving--Waters Retire. CHAPTER XV. Rise of Quakerism--George Fox--William Penn--Founds Pennsylvania--Kindness to the Indians--Philadelphia Founded--Maryland, Carolina and Georgia Settled--Roger Williams--Rhode Island Founded--Its Toleration. {VIII.} CHAPTER XVI. Condition of English Society--Manufacture of Gin and Rum--Origin of Methodism--Eloquence of Whitfield--John and Charles Wesley--Remarkable Teachings--Robert Raikes--John Howard--William Wilberforce--Mechanical Inventions--Growth of American Freedom--Three Great Battles--Cook's Voyages--Extension of the English Language--Greatness of Pitt--Washington's Early Life--Benjamin Franklin. CHAPTER XVII. Gathering of Political Forces--General Revolution--Civil Reformers--Decay of Old Institutions--Rosseau and His Writings--Voltaire--Holland, a Political Refuge--American Settlers--Lines of Albert B. Street--Growth of the Colonies--Love for England--Causes of Revolution--Manufactures Forbidden--Stamp Act--Tax on Tea--Philadelphia Convention--Address to the King--Appeal To England--To Canada--Incident in Old South Church, Boston--Paul Revere's Ride.