In descriptive Blazoning, Epithets, which follow their own Nouns, precede the Tinctures that are associated with those nouns: thus, a black rampant lion having golden claws is blazoned,--_a lion rampt. sa., armed or_. In written and printed blazoning, the arrangement of the words and the placing the stops are alike matters of supreme importance. The sentences are to be short. A comma is to mark the end of each complete minor clause or division of a sentence: a colon, each more important clause. A point or period is to follow every abbreviated word, to mark the fact of the abbreviation, but without affecting the additional presence of a comma (as in the blazoning, “_a lion rampant sa._,”) or of a colon, as the case may be; but a second period is unnecessary. It is a very common error to overload heraldic blazoning with commas which, instead of aiding to simplify the sentences, obscure the meaning and perplex the reader. It is always correct to write--“_three lion’s heads_,” “_six pilgrim’s staves_,” &c.: and always incorrect to write--“_three lions’ heads_,” “_six pilgrims’ staves_,” &c.; but it is a point printers have an apparently invincible objection to accept. EMBLAZONING IN TINCTURES.--On this head I must be content to offer to students only a few brief practical observations. The metal _Gold_ may be rendered with gold prepared in small saucers, or (most advantageously) in minute slabs; this preparation is applied, like a common water-colour, by moistening the gold with water; and it is desirable previously to have washed the paper, card (or vellum) with diluted white of egg. Gold leaf may also be used, but the process is tedious, and requires both skill and experience to ensure complete success. Yellow paint, again, may be used to represent the metal, the best colours being _cadmium yellow_, or “_aureolin_” (Winsor and Newton) mixed with _Chinese white_. For shading, _carmine_, or _crimson lake_, mixed with gum. For _Silver_, _aluminium_ may be used with excellent effect; or _Chinese white_; or the paper may be left white: for shading, _grey_ (_blue_ and _Indian ink_ mixed) and gum. The Aluminium is prepared, like the gold, in minute slabs: it may be obtained, of great excellence, from Messrs. Winsor & Newton, by whom also a very pure preparation of gold is sold; but both the gold and the aluminium slabs are sold by all good artists’ colourmen. These Metals may be diapered, as well as burnished, with an agate-burnisher.