When we speak of size of brain in reference to intellectual endowments we must draw a clear distinction between the eminence of a specialist and that of one of wide attainments. A man may become famous as a specialist by the sedulous cultivation of one branch of knowledge, whilst far from being distinguished by wide grasp of thought. Indeed, the absence of interest in some branches of knowledge may greatly favour the exclusive devotion to a single one. Peschell quotes the weights of the brains of some Göttingen professors which were considerably below the average: Gauss, Fuchs (pathologist), Hermann (philologist), Haussmann (mineralogist). Cuvier and Lord Byron are usually cited as having had brains much heavier than the average, but there is some uncertainty, especially as to the latter. None of his lordship’s portraits suggest a large head. Although there are considerable discrepancies in the statements of those who have examined the matter, there can be little or no doubt that the brain increases somewhat with the advance of civilisation, and that it was smaller in the prehistoric races of man than in the more advanced ones of the present age. The differences are probably not so great as many may expect, but they are real. The Australian natives stand the lowest, and the Europeans the highest. The American Indian had a larger brain than the Asiatic, and the Asiatic than the African. The Chinese stand between the European and the Negro. Two Irish skulls are perhaps the largest on record. The size of the skull may possibly not be always a safe indication of the amount of useful brain matter contained in it. It is said that the large-skulled Germans have brains which are of lower specific gravity than those of others. There are many sources of fallacy as regards the weight of the brain in different persons, different races, and in the two sexes. We must not trust too implicitly to statistics or to tabulated records. It is better to be content with general results, and to state even these with great caution. There can, however, be but little doubt that the brain of woman weighs less than that of man, and that this difference is greatest in highly civilised races. The brains of the broad-headed are, as a rule, somewhat heavier than those of the long-headed. This conclusion has been arrived at by comparing the brains of different individuals of the same race, not those of different races (Peschell, p. 70).