The hell bombLaurence, William L. (William Leonard)
Philosophy
The hell bomb
Laurence, William L. (William Leonard)
Hydrogen bomb
How much tritium would it take to make an H-bomb 1,000 times the power
of the wartime model A-bombs? Since tritium has about 2.5 times the
power per given weight of U-235 or plutonium, it would take 400
kilograms (about 1,880 quarts of the liquid form) of tritium to make a
bomb that would equal the power of 1,000 kilograms of plutonium. Such a
bomb, we can see, would have to be made at the sacrifice of 32,000
kilograms of plutonium. In other words, we would be getting a return, in
terms of energy content, of 1,000 kilograms for an investment of 32,000.
And we would be losing fully half of even this small return every twelve
years.
How many A-bombs would we be sacrificing through this investment? On the
basis of Professor Oliphant’s estimate that the critical mass of an
A-bomb is between 10 and 30 kilograms, we would sacrifice at least
1,066, and possibly as many as 3,200, if we take the lower figure. And
we must not forget that a bomb a thousand times the power will produce
only ten times the destructiveness by blast and thirty times the damage
by fire of an A-bomb of the old-fashioned variety.
These cold facts make it clear that a tritium bomb, particularly one a
thousand times the power of the A-bomb, is completely out of the
picture.
But, one may ask, if a deuterium bomb is not possible and a tritium bomb
is not feasible, and these are the only two substances that can possibly
be used at all, isn’t all this talk about a superbomb sheer moonshine?
And if so, how explain President Truman’s directive “to continue” work
on it?
To find the answer let us go back for a moment to Dr. Bacher’s man in
the mountains, confronted with the problem of lighting a fire with
green, ice-covered wood at twenty degrees below zero with “very little
kindling.” Obviously the poor fellow would be doomed to freeze to death
were it not for one little item he had almost forgotten. Somewhere in
his belongings he discovers a container filled with gasoline, which
increases the inflammability of the wet wood to the point at which it
will catch fire with a quantity of kindling that would otherwise be much
too small.
Something closely analogous is true with the H-bomb. It so happens that
a mixture of deuterium and tritium is the most highly inflammable atomic
fuel on earth. It yields 3.5 times the energy of deuterium and about
twice the energy of tritium when they are burned individually. Most
important of all, the deuterium-tritium mixture, known as D-T, ignites
much faster than either deuterium or tritium by themselves. For example,
the D-T combination ignites 25 times faster than deuterium alone at a
temperature of 100,000,000 degrees, and the ignition time is fully 37.5
times faster than for deuterium at 150,000,000 degrees.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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