CHAPTER XII THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY (4 B.C.-62 A.D.) 168 A critical view of Christ and other messiahs, 168. The development of the messianic idea, 169. CHAPTER XIII THE REVOLT AGAINST ROME (62-68 A.D.) 177 The defence of Jotapata described by Josephus, 180. CHAPTER XIV THE FALL OF JERUSALEM (68-73 A.D.) 190 Josephus’ account of the famine, 193. The close of Jewish history, 199. CHAPTER XV HEBREW CIVILISATION 203 The life and customs of the Israelites, 205. Hebrew art, architecture: the temple tombs, etc., 209. CHAPTER XVI THE PROPHETS AND THE HISTORY OF SEMITIC STYLE. By Dr. D. H. Müller 213 BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS 227 A GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL 229 PART V. PHŒNICIA INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. INDIVIDUALITY OF PHŒNICIAN HISTORY, AND ORIGIN OF THE NAME. By Richard Pietschmann 243 PHŒNICIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE (3800 B.C.-1516 A.D.) 246 CARTHAGINIAN HISTORY IN OUTLINE (813 B.C.-697 A.D.) 251 CHAPTER I LAND AND PEOPLE 255 Origin of the Phœnicians, 259. CHAPTER II EARLY HISTORY AND INFLUENCES 263 Beginnings of the history and civilisation of Phœnicia, 263. The colonies, 270. Voyages and trading-stations, 274. CHAPTER III THE PHŒNICIAN TIME OF POWER (980-532 B.C.) 279 The reign of Hiram I, 279. The successors of Hiram, 283. CHAPTER IV PHŒNICIA UNDER THE PERSIANS (525-323 B.C.) 289 CHAPTER V PHŒNICIA UNDER THE GREEKS, THE ROMANS, AND THE SARACENS (301 B.C.-1516 A.D.) 301 CHAPTER VI THE STORY OF CARTHAGE (813 B.C.-697 A.D.) 308 The site and early history of Carthage, 310. Mommsen’s account of Carthage, 312. War in Sicily between Rome and Carthage, 319. Rome and Carthage, 321. Last days of Carthage, 325. CHAPTER VII PHŒNICIAN COMMERCE 329 Sea trade, 330. Manufactures and land trade of the Phœnicians, 334. Silver and gold in antiquity as money, 339. The slave trade of Phœnicia, 342. CHAPTER VIII