The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
History
The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 05 : $b the Roman Republic
World history
There is a well-known story of the manner in which they were first roused
to the undertaking. It runs thus: M. Fabius Ambustus, a patrician, had
two daughters, the elder married to Ser. Sulpicius, a patrician, the
younger to C. Licinius, a plebeian. It happened that Sulpicius was
consular tribune in the same year that Licinius was tribune of the
plebs; and as the younger Fabia was on a visit to her sister, Sulpicius,
returning home from the Forum with his lictors, alarmed the plebeian’s
wife by the noise he made in entering the house. The elder sister laughed
at this ignorance; and the younger Fabia, stung to the quick, besought
her husband to place her on a level with her proud sister. But the story
must be an invention--because Licinius’ wife could not have been ignorant
of the dignities of the office; and because there was nothing to prevent
Licinius himself from being consular tribune, and thus equal to his
brother-in-law.[36]
THE LICINIAN ROGATIONS
[Sidenote: [376 B.C.]]
However this might be, Licinius and Sextius, being tribunes of the plebs
together in the year 376 B.C., promulgated the three bills which have
ever since borne the name of the Licinian Rogations. These were:
I. That of all debts on which interest had been paid, the sum of the
interest paid should be deducted from the principal, and the remainder
paid off in three successive years.
II. That no citizen should hold more than five hundred jugera (nearly 320
acres) of the public land, nor should feed on the public pastures more
than one hundred head of larger cattle and five hundred of smaller, under
penalty of a heavy fine.
III. That henceforth consuls, not consular tribunes, should always be
elected, and that one of the two consuls must be a plebeian.
Of these laws, the first is of a kind not very uncommon in rude states
of society. If persons lend and borrow money they enter into a legal
contract, and the state is bound to maintain this contract. Cases will
occur when the borrower is unable to pay his debts, and that from no
fault or neglect of his own; and the laws provide for cases of insolvency
in which the insolvent is not guilty of fraud. But if the state were
to cancel all legal debts, persons would be very slow to lend money at
all, and thus credit and commerce would be destroyed. At Rome, after the
Gallic War, as at Athens in the time of Solon (when a similar ordinance
was passed), all things were in such confusion that it might be necessary
to resort to arbitrary measures; and we may well believe that Licinius,
himself a wealthy man, would not have interfered but for necessity. But
the precedent was bad; and in later times one of the worst means used by
demagogues was a promise of _novæ tabulæ_, or an abolition of all debts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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