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The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 08 : $b Parthians, Sassanids and Arabs; the Crusades and the Papacy

History

The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 08 : $b Parthians, Sassanids and Arabs; the Crusades and the Papacy

World history

Richard of Cornwall’s Crusade (the Seventh), 432. The Tatar
    Crevasse, 433. The crusade of St. Louis (the Eighth), 434.
    Battle of Mansura, 436. De Joinville’s account of the battle of
    Mansura, 437. Results of Mansura, 441. St. Louis a prisoner,
    442. Moslem account of St. Louis’ capture, 443. The Christians
    quarrel among themselves, 448. History of Antioch, 449. Ravages
    of Bibars, 450. Second crusade and death of Louis IX, 450.
    Prince Edward leaves England, 451. Vain efforts of Gregory X,
    452. Progress of the mamelukes, 453. Total loss of the Holy
    Land, 454. Fate of the military orders, 456. Knights of St.
    John, 456. The Templars in France, 457. In other countries,
    458. Council at Vienne, 458. The order suppressed, 459. The
    Crusades in the West, 459. The Teutonic Crusade, 460. The
    attack on the Albigenses, 461. Western assaults on the Arabs,
    463. Comparison of the two crusades, 466.

                               CHAPTER VII

  CONSEQUENCES OF THE CRUSADES (1096-1291 A.D.)                        467

    Moral effects, 468. Political effects, 469. Influence upon
    commerce, 471. Enrichment of cities, 472. Colonisation, 472.
    Influence on industry, 474. The masons organise, 475. Gothic
    architecture, 476. Sculpture and painting, 476. Herder’s
    opinion of the Crusades, 477. Gibbon on the results of the
    Crusades, 479.

                                APPENDIX

  FEUDALISM (800-1450 A.D.)                                            481

    Bryce and Hegel on feudalism, 482. Commencement of the feudal
    régime, 483. Reciprocal obligations of vassal and lord, 484.
    Feudal justice, 485. Ecclesiastical feudalism, 487. The Church
    and the feudal army, 488. Serfs and villeins, 489. Anarchy and
    violence; frightful condition of the peasants and some happy
    results therefrom, 491. Geographic outlines of the kingdom
    of Germany, 494. The transition from feudalism to monarchy,
    494. Progress in Germany, 495. Influence of gunpowder, 497.
    Monarchism in Italy, 497. In France, 498. In England, 499. The
    papacy and feudalism, 500. Hegel on the rise of mankind through
    feudalism, 500.

  BRIEF REFERENCE-LIST OF AUTHORITIES BY CHAPTERS                      502

                           BOOK II. THE PAPACY

  HISTORY IN OUTLINE OF THE PAPACY (42-1878 A.D.)                      503

                                CHAPTER I

  ORIGIN AND RISE OF THE PAPACY (42-842 A.D.)                          519

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The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 08 : $b Parthians, Sassanids and Arabs; the Crusades and the Papacy

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