1171 Adid’s name suppressed in prayers, by order of Nur ad-Din. Adid dies without knowing of his degradation. THE KINGDOM OF ARMENIA (189 B.C.-1375 A.D.) The Armenians throw off the Macedonian yoke in 317 B.C., choosing Ardvates as king. He dies about 284, and the country returns to Seleucid rule. In 189 B.C. (according to Roman historians), after the defeat of Antiochus the Great by Rome, =Artaxias= or =Ardashes= and =Zadriades=, the governors of Armenia Major and Armenia Minor respectively, become independent kings with the connivance of Rome. Artaxias rules at Artaxarta. Hannibal takes refuge at his court. B.C. 166 Antiochus IV takes Artaxias prisoner, but restores him to his kingdom. 149 According to Armenian historians Mithridates I of Parthia establishes his brother Valarsaces (Waharshag) on the Armenian throne and the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia is founded. Following the Armenian king list 127 =Arshag I= succeeds his father. 114 =Artaces= succeeds his father. 94 =Tigranes I (II)= succeeds his father. He is the next king mentioned by Roman historians. He is put on the disputed throne by Mithridates II the Great of Parthia. Tigranes removes the capital to Tigranocerta, and conquers Lesser Armenia and many Parthian provinces. He assumes the title “King of Kings.” 83 Tigranes makes himself master of the whole of Syria, having been invited by the Syrians to put an end to the civil strife among the Seleucid princes. 76 Tigranes’ father-in-law Mithridates the Great of Pontus instigates him to invade Cappadocia. 69 Tigranes refuses to surrender Mithridates to the Romans. War with Rome results, and Lucullus defeats him at Tigranocerta. 66 Tigranes surrenders his conquests to Pompey. Armenia becomes a vassal state of Rome. The Parthian monarch recovers the title “King of Kings.” 64 Defeat of Tigranes by Phraates III of Parthia. Pompey settles their dispute. 56 Death of Tigranes. His son =Artavasdes I= succeeds. He is the ally of Rome in Crassus’ campaign against the Parthians. 36 Artavasdes joins the Romans in the campaign against Artavasdes of Media. He deserts Antony and the expedition fails. 34 In revenge Antony proceeds against Artavasdes and captures him. His son =Artaxias II= is placed on the throne. He is defeated by the Romans and flees to Parthia. He soon recovers the throne and massacres all the Romans in Armenia. 20 The discontented Armenians complain to Augustus about Artaxias and ask that his brother Tigranes, then at Rome, be made their king. Tiberius Nero is sent after Artaxias, who is murdered by his relatives, and =Tigranes II (III)= is crowned by Tiberius. After a short reign Tigranes is succeeded by his son =Tigranes III (IV)=. The land is full of civil discord.